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Displaying 1 - 20 of 317 Index
Oral Scoping reviews versus systematic reviews: results from a scoping review of scoping reviews
2015 Vienna
Tricco, Lillie, Zarin, O'Brien, Colquhoun, Kastner, Levac, Ng, Pearson Sharpe, Wilson, Kenny, Warren, Wilson, Stelfox, Moher, McGowan
Background: Scoping reviews are used to map concepts underpinning a research area and the main sources and types of evidence available. Currently, a lack of consistency exists in the terminology, definition, methods, and reporting of scoping reviews appearing in the literature.
Objectives: We…
Oral 'Cochrane Lehrmodule': development and implementation of teaching modules in university-affiliated courses
2015 Vienna
Mahlknecht
Background: The Danube University Krems, where Cochrane Austria is hosted, is offering a variety of courses in the field of medicine and health sciences. Within these courses, modules on evidence-based research skills and methods have gained popularity. Cochrane Austria was requested to develop…
Oral 'Rapid review' methodology to inform a policy decision: when is it fit for purpose? A case study
2015 Vienna
Llewellyn, Simmonds, Brunton, Thomas, Sowden
Background: There appears to be an increasing use of 'rapid reviews' to inform policy decisions in a timely manner. However, there is relatively little consensus on rapid review methodology.
Objectives: To present as a case study our experience of conducting a 'rapid review' to…
Oral A framework for deciding if individual participant data are likely to be worthwhile
2015 Vienna
Tudur Smith, Clarke, Marson, Riley, Stewart, Tierney, Vail, Williamson
Background:
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis that are based on Individual Participant Data (IPD) are often referred to as a 'gold standard'. However, they are usually more resource-intensive than a traditional approach based on aggregate data (AD) extracted from publications or made…
Oral A generalized latent variable modelling framework for the bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic reviews
2015 Vienna
Eusebi, Orso, Reitsma, Vermunt
Background: The current methodology for diagnostic reviews relies on hierarchical models with normal random effects for the true logit sensitivity and specificity. The assumption of normally distributed random effects can lead to overestimation of between-study variances in the case of outliers,…
Oral A graphical display of reporting factors associated with systematic reviews: an example from diabetic retinopathy
2015 Vienna
Hui, Clearfield, Lindsley, Virgili, Scherer
Background: Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered to be the highest level of evidence, but may lead to biased conclusions if not properly conducted. We aim to evaluate SRs of interventions for diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population in developed…
Oral A machine learning approach to classifying articles for literature reviews based on titles and abstracts
2015 Vienna
Steeves, Buchanan-Hughes, Leonard
Background: Machine learning could improve the efficiency of conducting literature reviews by automating review of titles and abstracts for relevant articles.
Objectives: This study investigated if it is feasible to use the Fisher classification method to distinguish between relevant and…
Oral A map of outcomes in trials of communication interventions for childhood vaccination: measuring too few concepts in too many ways
2015 Vienna
Kaufman, Ryan, Bosch-Capblanch, Cartier, Cliff, Glenton, Lewin, Rada, Ames, Muloliwa, Oku, Oyo-Ita, Hill
Background: Core outcome sets (COSs) bring consistency to outcome measurement and strengthen systematic reviews. Most COSs focus on clinical interventions for health conditions; few address preventive health interventions.Communication for childhood vaccination is key to improving uptake and can…
Oral A methodological approach for binary data to determine the extent of treatment effect in the early benefit assessment of drugs
2015 Vienna
Bender, Skipka, Wieseler, Kaiser, Thomas, Windeler, Lange
Background: At the beginning of 2011 the early benefit assessment of new drugs was introduced in Germany with the Act on the Reform of the Market for Medicinal Products (AMNOG). The Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) generally commissions the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG)…
Oral A new approach to ‘empty’ reviews
2015 Vienna
Kew, Welsh
Background: Cochrane review groups are encouraged to prioritise reviews that are likely to include studies over those that might not, but questions that identify no trials can be important to people making healthcare decisions. ‘Empty’ reviews based on comprehensive literature searching, especially…
Oral A new tool to measure credibility of studies determining minimally important difference estimates for patient reported outcomes
2015 Vienna
Carrasco- Labra, Johnston, Ebrahim, Furukawa, Patrick, Hemmelgarn, Motaghi Pisheh, Dennis, Jacobs, Vernooij, Fei, Younho Hong, Tajika, Takeshima, Iwakami, Hayasaka, Kaminski-Hartenthaler, Nussbaumer, Colunga, Devji, Gartlehner, Schunemann, Nesrallah, Guyatt
Background: The ability to interpret and, consequently, include patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the decision-making process along with other patient-important outcomes relies on the understanding of what improvement or reduction in the PRO represents a change that is important to patients. With…
Oral A priority setting tool for prioritizing review questions for systematic reviews in health policy and systems research: development and validation
2015 Vienna
Akl, El-Jardali, Fadlallah
Background: Groups conducting systematic reviews in health policy and systems research need to prioritize topics according to the needs of policymakers and stakeholders. Such prioritization can help ensure systematic review production is aligned with policy priorities, which, in turn, can promote…
Oral A program to evaluate Cochrane training for authors of systematic reviews
2015 Vienna
Cumpston, Page
Background: Although Cochrane has conducted training in systematic review methods since its inception, these activities have undergone only superficial evaluation based on attendance rates or participant satisfaction. The Cochrane Central Executive is initiating a new program to test our success in…
Oral A review of online evidence-based practice point-of-care information summary providers: 2014 update
2015 Vienna
Kwag, Gonzàlez-Lorenzo, Banzi, Bonovas, Moja
Background: The complexity of modern practice requires health professionals to be active information-seekers. Evidence-based point-of-care (EBP) information summaries can connect clinicians with best practice strategies at the bedside to optimize patient care. This study is the 2014 update of a…
Oral A systematic review and external validation of prediction models for gestational diabetes: the RESPECT study
2015 Vienna
de Ruiter, Kwee, Naaktgeboren, Franx, Moons, Koster
Background: The rising incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) contributes to an increasing number of adverse pregnancy outcomes (for example macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia). Currently, risk stratification in early pregnancy is based on single medical and/or obstetrical history risk factors.…
Oral ACROBAT-NRSi for public health: reporting on feasibility and utility of applying ACROBAT to studies of housing improvement
2015 Vienna
Thomson, Campbell, Craig, Hilton Boon, Katikireddi
Background: The ACROBAT-NRSi tool is designed to promote rigour in the assessment of risk of bias (RoB) in non-randomised studies (NRS). The development and text of the ACROBAT-NRSi tool draws heavily on clinical examples to illustrate the tool and its application, but the feasibility of it being…
Oral AMSTAR: helping decision makers distinguish high and low quality systematic reviews that include non-randomized studies
2015 Vienna
Shea, The AMSTAR Development Group
Background: AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) is widely used in the critical appraisal of systematic reviews (SRs). The instrument was validated using SR of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Surveys have shown that over 60% of SRs of treatment effects include non-…
Oral Abstracts’ concept selection to reduce information overload
2015 Vienna
Alper, Malone-Moses
Many users will access abstracts of Cochrane reviews to determine key points, either to represent the complete concept or to determine if full-text reading of the review is warranted. Abstracts need to be concise yet include the most important concepts. We will analyze 100 Cochrane review…
Oral Accountability and health information systems: from health systems' priority setting to a pragmatic systematic review
2015 Vienna
Leon, Brady, Kwamie, Lewin, Odendaal, Daniels
Background: The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research recently funded a two-year initiative in South Africa to conduct four systematic reviews on health systems questions. Central to the initiative was engagement with stakeholders to identify and select priority review questions. While…
Oral Adapting fishbone diagrams: a new approach for displaying findings of systematic reviews
2015 Vienna
Morgan, West, Gartlehner, Jordan, Kampov-Polevoy, Garbutt, Bobashev
Background: The traditional approach to presenting the results of systematic reviews is to use multiple summary tables. Although highly informative, these tables are often dense and do not allow a reader to evaluate the evidence on various and outcomes “at a glance” and instead require large parts…