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Discussion: Despite there is no reliable data from RCTs supporting the treatment of overweight and obesity such treatment is a widespread practice. Partisan groups who produce new versions of weight reduction/obesity treatment guidelines usually ignore that. Critics of overweight/obesity treatment stated that 'Undoubtedly, the best public health approach is to concentrate on measures to prevent obesity' (J.Kassirer & M.Agell,1998). Systematical review of the literature (Medline since 1966 and references from all relevant publications) to find the controlled trials of primary prevention of obesity and overweight found none. Available data are limited to special groups (diabetics) and are controversial. Because we are interested not in the weight, but in the prevention of morbidity and mortality, we must be sure that it is possible to prevent those end points by preventing weight gain. Unfortunately, there are no data supporting prevention measures. Idea of prevention is popular at least during last hundred years. In Russia the prevention is a most important part of medicine by law. Uncritical approach to prevention is based on the visible low cost of prevention. It is presumed that people can change or control their behavior at low cost. I hat is not correct. Humans are limited in their ability to control their own behavior. Uncritical implementation of treatment or prevention misled consumers and feed the industry of weight reduction. Most dangerous consequence is the distraction of limited funds from important problems to crying wolfs. Prevention interventions must be supported by reliable evidence no less than treatment interventions.