Article type
Year
Abstract
Background: Medical procedures (e.g., immunization, venipuncture) are a common source of pain and distress for children. A variety of psychological approaches (e.g., distraction, relaxation) are often used to assist children in managing pain and distress resulting from medical procedures.
Objectives: The objective of this review is to assess the efficacy of psychological approaches for the management of procedure-related pain and distress in children.
Methods: The following sources will be searched for relevant studies: the Cochrane Register of Randomized Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (1966-present), PsychInfo (1887-present), PsychLit (1974-present), EMBASE (1974-present), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1982-present). In addition, key journals will be hand -searched and researchers and clinicians in the field will be consulted.
Randomized controlled trials examining at least one psychological approach for managing procedure-related pain and distress will be included in the review. The following psychological approaches will be examined: relaxation, breathing methods, distraction, positive reinforcement, preparation, desensitization, memory change, hypnosis/imagery, thought stopping, positive self-statements, coping skills training, modeling, and rehearsal. Children ages 0 to 18 years undergoing acute painful medical procedures will be included. The following medical procedures will be examined: immunizations, lumbar punctures, bone marrow aspirations and biopsies, burn debridement/dressing changes, venipunctures, intramuscular injections, sutures, accessing portacaths, voiding cystourethrograms, IV/catheter insertions, and enemas.
Two independent reviewers will participate in the identification of relevant studies and data extraction. The two outcomes of interest are pain and distress as assessed by self-report, observer reports, observational measures, and physiological measures.
Results: Analyses will summarize the results of the various studies in order to comment on the efficacy of the various psychological approaches for managing procedure-related pain and distress in children.
Conclusions: This review will address an important gap in the literature regarding the efficacy of psychological approaches for managing pain and distress in children undergoing medical procedures.
References: 1. Chen E, Joseph MH, Zeltzer, LK. Behavioral and cognitive interventions in the treatment of pain in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2000;47:513-25.
Objectives: The objective of this review is to assess the efficacy of psychological approaches for the management of procedure-related pain and distress in children.
Methods: The following sources will be searched for relevant studies: the Cochrane Register of Randomized Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (1966-present), PsychInfo (1887-present), PsychLit (1974-present), EMBASE (1974-present), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1982-present). In addition, key journals will be hand -searched and researchers and clinicians in the field will be consulted.
Randomized controlled trials examining at least one psychological approach for managing procedure-related pain and distress will be included in the review. The following psychological approaches will be examined: relaxation, breathing methods, distraction, positive reinforcement, preparation, desensitization, memory change, hypnosis/imagery, thought stopping, positive self-statements, coping skills training, modeling, and rehearsal. Children ages 0 to 18 years undergoing acute painful medical procedures will be included. The following medical procedures will be examined: immunizations, lumbar punctures, bone marrow aspirations and biopsies, burn debridement/dressing changes, venipunctures, intramuscular injections, sutures, accessing portacaths, voiding cystourethrograms, IV/catheter insertions, and enemas.
Two independent reviewers will participate in the identification of relevant studies and data extraction. The two outcomes of interest are pain and distress as assessed by self-report, observer reports, observational measures, and physiological measures.
Results: Analyses will summarize the results of the various studies in order to comment on the efficacy of the various psychological approaches for managing procedure-related pain and distress in children.
Conclusions: This review will address an important gap in the literature regarding the efficacy of psychological approaches for managing pain and distress in children undergoing medical procedures.
References: 1. Chen E, Joseph MH, Zeltzer, LK. Behavioral and cognitive interventions in the treatment of pain in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2000;47:513-25.