Background: Health technology assessment has been a much-used tool in public-health decision making in many countries. In light of this development, the Department of Science and Technology (DECIT) under the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) incorporated system-wide health technology assessment into the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in 2006. The MS requested 28 systematic reviews from Cochrane over a seven-month period to support analyses regarding the inclusion of health technology and the SUS’ performance. Objectives: To present the results of the studies developed by the Brazilian Cochrane Centre in conjunction with the MS to aid decision making in the SUS. Methods: The systematic reviews implemented by Cochrane, the process involved in each systematic review for implementation of the recommendations, and the social results/implications thereof were all submitted to the MS. Results: The reviews were completed in 2005 within the stipulated seven-month term. The topics chosen by the MS were based on the requests to incorporate technologies submitted from industries, technical areas within the MS, the Attorney General’s Office, professional societies and patients. Reviews concerning conventional stents versus recovered stents and concerning the effectiveness and safety of drotrecogin-Alfa for severe sepsis were widely discussed and were shown to have a strong scientific and practical impact for the MS. The conclusions published in both these areas were beacons for later published literature and offered potentially huge cost savings for the SUS. Subsequently, another review of the use of drotrecogin-alfa was published in The Cochrane Library by another research group. Conclusions: The Brazilian Cochrane Centre accepted and complied with the proposed challenge in a timely manner. The review topics proved their relevance for health professionals in all sectors of the SUS. The results are electronically available and can be used to guide decisions regarding the incorporation and use of technologies in question. One of the recommendations was already incorporated into practice in the SUS, increasing safety, reducing unnecessary expenses and uncertainties, and avoiding excessive legal lawsuits.