Evidence-based recommendations for promoting physical activity among older people: Global evidence, local decisions

Article type
Authors
Lee L1, Chen M1, Chang S2, Chiu Y2
1Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
2Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Ilan, Taiwan
Abstract
Background: The majority of adults are not consistently physically active globally. Older people are recommended to participate in exercise activities but they may not even understand what exercise is according to results from a qualitative interview study. Objective: This review aims to develop a physical activity guideline for both older people and health care professionals who have a role in instructing and promoting physical activity among older people. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted using a range of electronic and evidence-based databases to identify evidence. Inclusion criteria were guidelines, systematic reviews or randomized controlled trial design; study samples were age 60 years and over, physical activity or exercise was of a main focus. Data extraction and quality appraisal were carried out independently by two reviewers; a third reviewer was consulted when required to solve discrepancies. Results: A total of five guidelines were included, two from American College of Sports Medicine and one each from The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), Austrian Department of Health and Ageing and Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute. Overall recommendations were listed for both older adults and health care professionals. Apart from physical activity recommendations on frequency, duration and intensity, evidence suggests that older people are encouraged to be physically active by making plans and plans should include a gradual approach to increase physical activity over time using multiple bouts of activity as opposed to previous recommendation of continuous bouts when appropriate. Conclusions: The results of this review provide thorough evidence for recommendations of physical activity among older people. Effective ways of providing tailored recommendations on physical activity for older adult population were listed. Future study tested feasibility and effectiveness of this evidence-based guideline is warranted.