Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) incorporates results of health care research when making decisions about the clinical care of individuals. To practise evidence based medicine, clinicians need to understand and use terms such as relative risk reduction, confidence interval, and number needed to treat. Whether physicians in Nigeria have knowledge of EBM and apply them in their clinical practice is largely unknown. Objectives: To determine self reported awareness of EBM terminologies and the use of EBM resources by doctors at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey of 150 randomly selected doctors at different levels of training at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria was conducted to find out their knowledge of EBM terminologies and use of EBM resources. The respondents rated their understanding of various terminologies used in EBM as Would not be helpful for me to understand, I don t understand but would like to, I already have some understanding, and I understand this and could explain to others. Results: A total of 135 of 150 (90%) randomly selected doctors at various levels of training (medical officers, consultants, senior and junior registrars) from all the departments (Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics) in the hospital completed the questionnaires. About 70% of the respondents do not understand and would like to know EBM terminologies (such as relative risk, confidence interval, number needed to treat). Most of the respondents (93%) have never had any formal training in critical appraisal, search strategy or courses related EBM. More than 90% do not use any evidence based resources to help in clinical decision making. Only about 10% reported using the Cochrane Library to help in decision making. About 80% of the respondents do not have access to internet or relevant bibliographic databases online at the convenience of their home or local medical library but resort to limited hours at internet cybercafe s which are commercial and local business shops. Conclusion: The findings from this study show that use and awareness of EBM is very low at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. However, the respondents were willing to learn and apply the principles of EBM if given proper training. The implementation of evidence-based interventions will help to improve patient outcomes. Therefore there is a need to create awareness of evidence based medicine at various levels of care in Nigeria. EBM should be incorporated into undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula in Nigeria. This will help to increase awareness and use of EBM and ultimately improve patient outcomes.