Comparison of alternative evidence summary and presentation formats in clinical guideline development: a mixed-method study

Article type
Authors
Opiyo N1, Shepperd S2, Musila N1, Allen E3, Nyamai R4, Fretheim A5, English M1
1Health Services Research Group, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenya
2Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, UK
3Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
4Division of Paediatrics, Ministry of Medical Services, Kenya
5International Health Care Unit, Norwegian Knowledge Centre for Health Services, Norway
Abstract
Background: Best formats for summarising and presenting evidence for use in clinical guideline development remain less well defined.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of different evidence summary formats for use in clinical guideline development.

Methods: Healthcare professionals attending a one-week Kenyan, national guideline development workshop were randomly allocated to receive evidence packaged in three different formats: systematic reviews (SRs) alone, systematic reviews with summary-of-findings tables (SR with SoF tables), and ‘graded-entry’ formats (a ‘front-end’ summary and a contextually framed narrative report plus the SR). The influence of format on the proportion of correct responses to key clinical questions, the primary outcome, was assessed using a written test. The secondary outcome was a composite endpoint, measured on a five-point scale, of the clarity of presentation and ease of locating the quality of evidence for critical neonatal outcomes. Interviews conducted within 2 months following completion of trial data collection explored panel members’ views on the evidence summary formats and experiences with appraisal and use of research information.

Results: 65 (93%) of 70 participants completed questions on the pre-specified outcome measures. There were no differences between groups in the odds of correct responses to key clinical questions. ‘Graded-entry’ formats were associated with a higher mean composite score for clarity and accessibility of information about the quality of evidence for critical neonatal outcomes compared to systematic reviews alone (adjusted mean difference 0.52, 95% CI 0.06–0.99). There was no difference in the mean composite score between SR with SoF tables and SR alone. Findings from interviews with 16 panelists indicated that short narrative evidence reports were preferred for the improved clarity of information presentation and ease of use.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ‘graded-entry’ evidence summary formats may improve clarity and accessibility of research evidence in clinical guideline development.