Communication is everybody’s business: developing methods to improve the evaluation of communication strategies for childhood vaccination

Article type
Authors
Kaufman J1, Hill S1, Lewin S2, Ryan R1, Heather A2, Bosch-Capblanch X3, Cartier Y4, Cliff J5, Glenton C6, Muloliwa A7, Oku A8, Oyo-Ita A8, Rada G9, Synnot A1
1Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group, Australia
2The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Norway
3Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland
4International Union for Health Promotion and Education, France
5Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique
6Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Norway
7Provincial Directorate of Health, Mozambique
8University of Calabar, Nigeria
9Catholic University of Chile, Chile
Abstract
Background:
A Global Polio Eradication Initiative report recently stated, "communication is everybody's business." Health communication encompasses a broad range of interventions beyond informing or educating. It includes advocacy, social mobilisation, health literacy and interpersonal communication, operating at societal and individual levels. Effective communication with parents and communities is critical to improving global vaccination coverage. To implement communication interventions about childhood vaccination, decision makers need to know what works. Currently, vaccination communication interventions are assessed using a variety of outcomes, making it difficult to compare intervention effectiveness across studies. Important process outcomes (e.g. knowledge, decisional conflict) are often not measured. To improve the evidence base and help decision makers focus their energy and scarce resources, we will develop a taxonomy of vaccination communication outcomes. This taxonomy will illustrate the range of potential outcomes and inform future work to define a core outcomes set.

Methods:
1: We will search electronic databases for studies evaluating communication interventions directed to parents or communities about childhood vaccines. We will extract and code outcomes using content analysis and categorise the outcomes into a taxonomy, building on existing frameworks.
2: To gather feedback on the taxonomy's completeness and appropriateness, we will convene a consultation panel of researchers, policy makers, health professionals and experts in program delivery and evaluation. Using focus group methodology, the panel will provide feedback and discuss outcome prioritisation and causal pathways. Transcripts will be analysed thematically and the results will inform the taxonomy finalisation and subsequent development of the core outcomes set.

Conclusions:
This taxonomy will illustrate the range of potential outcomes and form the basis of a consultation to establish a core outcome set, encouraging consistent outcome measurement and selection by trialists and systematic reviewers. It may also guide the development of intervention logic models.