Embedding research into research, SWAT-1 assesses the effectiveness of a ‘site visit’ on recruitment rates in a multicentre randomised trial

Article type
Authors
Smith V1, Clarke M2, Begley C1, Devane D3
1Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
2Queens University Belfast, UK
3National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
Abstract
Background:
There are many opportunities across tens of thousands of reviews and trials to resolve uncertainties about methodology through embedded research. The SWAR (Studies Within A Review) and SWAT (Studies Within A Trial) programme, established by the All-Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research working with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Network of Hubs in the UK and others, is developing methods for such research. SWAT-1, the first in the series of these studies, provides an initial example, evaluating the effects of site visits by the principal investigator on recruitment rates in multi-centre randomised trials.

Objectives:
To evaluate the effects of a site visit on recruitment rates in a multi-centre randomised trial (the ADCAR trial).

Methods:
Using SWAT-1 methodology, a before-and-after comparison used the date of the site visit as the time point for the intervention, and for the comparison with control sites. Site A received the intervention. Site B and Site C did not receive it and acted as the controls. The primary outcome measures were difference in recruitment in each site from 1 month and 3 months pre-intervention to 1 month and 3 months post-intervention.

Results:
Recruitment in Site A was significantly increased at 1 (risk ratio (RR) 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-4.77, P = 0.03) and at 3 months (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.19-2.42, P = 0.002) post-intervention. There was no significant difference in recruitment in Site B (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.45-1.15, P = 0.17) or in Site C (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.69-1.58, P = 0.85) at 1 month post-intervention. Comparing intervention (Site A) with controls (Site B+C); the change seen in Site A was significantly different to the change seen in B+C at 1 (P = 0.02) and 3 (P = 0.02) months post-intervention.

Conclusions:
This study is the first example of a study in the SWAT programme, using the SWAT-1 design. It shows how these simple low (or no) cost studies can be done and provides evidence that the site visit increased recruitment rates in a randomised trial. Further SWAT-1s are required to substantiate these findings and to examine the effects in different trials in different settings.