Googling for grey: using Google and Duckduckgo to find grey literature

Article type
Authors
Hagstrom C1, Kendall S2, Cunningham H1
1University of Toronto, Canada
2Mt. Sinai Hospital Library, Canada
Abstract
Background: Using search engines such as Google or Duckduckgo for literature searches can result in literally millions of citations. Results depend on various elements, such as the search engine's page ranking, or the user's habitual search patterns.
Objectives: Google and Duckduckgo can be effectively used to retrieve government or other institutional reports and other hard-to-find grey literature.
Methods: We will demonstrate how Google and Duckduckgo function. We will compare the two search engines and will give examples of how they can be searched to eliminate many irrelevant results.
Results: Different types of grey literature can be found using Google and Duckduckgo.
Conclusions: Using search engines such as Google and Duckduckgo need not be as onerous as one might think when looking for grey literature.