Article type
Abstract
Background: Bacterial infections and drug resistance are important causes of life threatening illnesses associated with HIV/AIDS patients particularly in resource-limited settings of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Objectives: To determine the susceptibility pattern of Enterobacteriacea isolated from people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Fako division of Cameroon.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 256 HIV patients on HAART. Urine and Stool samples were collected and checked for bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) by culture. The isolated Enterobacteriaceae species were identified by conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was carried out by disc diffusion method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and clinical parameters. Statistical tests performed included the Chi-square and logistic regression using SPSS.
Results: Clinical and socio-demographical characteristics showed that the mean±SD of the ages of the participants was 44.10(±11.42) years; majority of the participant were females (76.6%), self-employed (76.6%), had HIV-1 (97.7%) and on WHO clinical stage 3 (96.1%). The prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae infections in urine and stool samples were 17.2 % (95% CI: 12.6-21.8) and 21.4 % (95% CI: 16.4-26.4) respectively. Majority of isolates in urine samples were Escherichia coli [28 (63.60%)], followed by Enterobacter aerogenes [6 (13.60%)]. In stool, most isolate were Salmonella spp [20 (83.3%)], followed by Salmonella typhi [4 (16.7%)]. Most species were sensitive to Cefotaxim, Ceftriaxon, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin and resistant to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Cefadroxil, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Nitrofurantoine. The risk factor of bacteriuria was highest ts in the age group 20-39 years and the self-employed.
Conclusion: Esherichia coli was the most common Enterobacteriaceae in urine and Salmonella species in faeces. The most resistant drugs were Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Cefadroxil, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Nitrofurantoine. Results important for the clinical care of PLWHA in resource limited settings.
Objectives: To determine the susceptibility pattern of Enterobacteriacea isolated from people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Fako division of Cameroon.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 256 HIV patients on HAART. Urine and Stool samples were collected and checked for bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) by culture. The isolated Enterobacteriaceae species were identified by conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was carried out by disc diffusion method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and clinical parameters. Statistical tests performed included the Chi-square and logistic regression using SPSS.
Results: Clinical and socio-demographical characteristics showed that the mean±SD of the ages of the participants was 44.10(±11.42) years; majority of the participant were females (76.6%), self-employed (76.6%), had HIV-1 (97.7%) and on WHO clinical stage 3 (96.1%). The prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae infections in urine and stool samples were 17.2 % (95% CI: 12.6-21.8) and 21.4 % (95% CI: 16.4-26.4) respectively. Majority of isolates in urine samples were Escherichia coli [28 (63.60%)], followed by Enterobacter aerogenes [6 (13.60%)]. In stool, most isolate were Salmonella spp [20 (83.3%)], followed by Salmonella typhi [4 (16.7%)]. Most species were sensitive to Cefotaxim, Ceftriaxon, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin and resistant to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Cefadroxil, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Nitrofurantoine. The risk factor of bacteriuria was highest ts in the age group 20-39 years and the self-employed.
Conclusion: Esherichia coli was the most common Enterobacteriaceae in urine and Salmonella species in faeces. The most resistant drugs were Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Cefadroxil, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Nitrofurantoine. Results important for the clinical care of PLWHA in resource limited settings.