Background: Numerous professional guidelines and national campaigns concerning antibiotic therapy and prevention of bacterial resistance have been provided by health authorities. The effects on consumers behaviour is not clear. Among consumers, mothers play an important part in attitudes concerning antibiotic consumption.

Objectives: Evaluate knowledge and behavior of postpartum mothers regarding antibiotic therapy and bacterial resistance.

Methods:Cross-sectional survey (fifteen questions) of mothers in postpartum period through a self-administered survey (3 months during 2016) in a French maternity ward of a university hospital (4000 births per year). Statistical methods (SPSS): Khi 2 test (significant difference if p