Article type
Year
Abstract
Background: more than one billion children, half the children in the world, are victims of violence every year. Violence against children includes all forms of violence against children under 18 years old, whether perpetrated by parents or other caregivers, peers, romantic partners, or strangers. The Global Partnership to End Violence against Children is a multi-donor international initiative launched in 2016, whose aim is "ending violence against children in every country, every community and every family". As part of the sustainable development goals, the United Nations General Assembly has made a global commitment to ending all forms of violence against children. A technical package supporting seven evidence-based strategies to end violence against children (INSPIRE) developed by the WHO and nine other international agencies and initiatives, has been widely promoted and adopted as an essential tool in supporting national investments and actions towards realising this commitment
Objectives:
1) develop a clear framework of types of interventions and outcomes to provide an overview of available evidence on the interventions available for reducing violence against children in low- and middle-income countris (LMICs).
2) map available systematic reviews and primary studies on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce violence against children in LMICs in this framework, with an overview provided in a summary report.
Methods: the evidence and gap map (EGM) framework will inform the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the EGM. Here, we describe the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes (indicators) and study designs for the map.
Population: the primary population of interest for this map is children and adolescents from LMICs.
Intervention: the intervention outcome framework is based on the INSPIRE framework (WHO 2016), which identifies seven evidence-based strategies to prevent violence against children: implementation and enforcement of laws; norms and values; safe environments; parent and caregiver support; income and economic strengthening; response and support services; and education and life skills.
Outcome: violence reduction
Results: we identified 102 studies:
1) 52 systematic reviews
2) 50 impact evaluations
The majority of studies explore the areas on ‘education and life skills’ and ‘parent child and caregiver support'. There was little evidence assessing the impact on economic, and social and education outcomes. Parent, child and caregiver support is most studies but not maternal and paternal mental health, and the same for peer-relationship and training. Evidence seems scarce in child labour and trafficking and interventions to reduce violence in homeless and street-connected children.
Conclusions: we will use this map to identify priority systematic reviews and primary studies. This information can be used build rigorous evaluation into international and national programmes to reduce violence against children.
Objectives:
1) develop a clear framework of types of interventions and outcomes to provide an overview of available evidence on the interventions available for reducing violence against children in low- and middle-income countris (LMICs).
2) map available systematic reviews and primary studies on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce violence against children in LMICs in this framework, with an overview provided in a summary report.
Methods: the evidence and gap map (EGM) framework will inform the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the EGM. Here, we describe the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes (indicators) and study designs for the map.
Population: the primary population of interest for this map is children and adolescents from LMICs.
Intervention: the intervention outcome framework is based on the INSPIRE framework (WHO 2016), which identifies seven evidence-based strategies to prevent violence against children: implementation and enforcement of laws; norms and values; safe environments; parent and caregiver support; income and economic strengthening; response and support services; and education and life skills.
Outcome: violence reduction
Results: we identified 102 studies:
1) 52 systematic reviews
2) 50 impact evaluations
The majority of studies explore the areas on ‘education and life skills’ and ‘parent child and caregiver support'. There was little evidence assessing the impact on economic, and social and education outcomes. Parent, child and caregiver support is most studies but not maternal and paternal mental health, and the same for peer-relationship and training. Evidence seems scarce in child labour and trafficking and interventions to reduce violence in homeless and street-connected children.
Conclusions: we will use this map to identify priority systematic reviews and primary studies. This information can be used build rigorous evaluation into international and national programmes to reduce violence against children.