Overview of published Chinese-sponsored drug-related randomized controlled trials

Article type
Authors
Jia Y1, Li S2, Chen Q3, Wen J1, Wang Y1, Huang D1, Duan Y1, Ehrhardt S1
1Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University
2Tongren Hospital, the Capital Medical University
3Medical Library/Institute of Information, Peking Union Medical College
Abstract
Background: previous studies have shown that most Chinese-sponsored drug-related randomized controlled trials (CS-D-RCTs) were positive, and the reporting quality was low. However, none of the studies was representative or comprehensive.

Objectives: to:
1) estimate the number of published CS-D-RCTs by language (Chinese and English) and by publication year (2006 and 2016);
2) describe the characteristics of published CS-D-RCTs; and
3) compare the percentage of positive CS-D-RCTs across language (Chinese and English) and publication year (2006 and 2016).

Methods: this was a cross-sectional study based on published literature. We searched seven bibliographic databases for CS-D-RCTs published as journal articles in 2006 or 2016, including three English bibliographic databases (EBDs) and four Chinese bibliographic databases (CBDs).

We classified CS-D-RCTs in five categories:
1) CS-D-RCTs published in Chinese and only indexed in CBDs;
2) CS-D-RCTs published in Chinese and indexed in both EBDs and CBDs;
3) CS-D-RCTs published in English and only indexed in EBDs;
4) CS-D-RCTs published in English and indexed both in EBDs and CBDs;
5) CS-D-RCTs published in English and only indexed in CBDs.

We counted the CS-D-RCTs in Categories 2,3,4, and 5. For CS-D-RCTs in Category 1, we randomly selected a portion of Chinese journals including CS-D-RCTs to reach a prespecified precision, then enumerated the CS-D-RCTs in selected journals.

We followed a standard screening process adopted in systematic reviews. We extracted the following information from the articles:
1) general information, including the name of the journal, publication date, registration status, funding source, etc;
2) design, including the randomization method, allocation concealment, masking method, whether intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted, whether sample size calculation was conducted, etc;
3) participants, including the sex, age, disease condition, sample size, etc;
4) interventions, including the name of the drug, comparison, follow-up period, etc;
5) outcomes, including whether primary outcomes were defined, and positivity of each primary outcome, etc.

We compared the number and characteristics of the CS-D-RCTs by language, indexed databases, and publication year.

Results: the number of total CS-D-RCTs has increased from 16,000 in 2006 to 44,000 in 2016. However, the percentage of the CS-D-RCTs published in English has decreased from 1.6% in 2006 to 1.4% in 2016. Information extraction is still ongoing. We expect the study will be completed by the end of August 2019.

Conclusions: the number of CS-D-RCTs has increased rapidly in the past decade covering a wide range of diseases and interventions. Although the absolute number has increased, the percentage of CS-D-RCTs published in English has decreased slightly.

No patient or healthcare consumer was involved.