Article type
Year
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects 17.5 million people each year, being the leading cause of death worldwide with 7.4 million deaths in 2012 and a forecast of 9.2 million deaths by 2030. While more than 7 million people worldwide experience a myocardial infarction (MI) every year, accounting for 10% mortality and 20% re-infarction. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is the secondary treatment and prevention of heart disease (Montalescot et al., 2013). The inclusion of a physical exercise program (PEF) within the CR is a main factor for its success (Anderson et al., 2016).
Objectives: to know the influence of PEF and its FITT principle (frequency, intensity, type and time) on the secondary prevention of CR in patients with CAD and / or MI.
Methods: We carried out a review in PubMed and Web of Science, with articles published until March 1, 2019. The 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' tool (AMSTAR-2) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and/or meta-analyzes (B. J. Shea et al., 2017). To be selected in this review, the articles had to meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) studies of PEF in CR of people with CAD and / or MI; (2) to analyze the influence of this PEF on secondary prevention of CR; (3) in English or Spanish full text, published in the selected databases; and, (4) in a systematic review and / or meta-analysis modality.
Results: A total of 3902 articles were identified, of which 19 were selected. Sixteen studies were of moderate-high quality (AMSTAR-2). All studies analyzed the effects of PEF on CR variables for adult patients (mean age range: 48-79 years). Three studies are systematic reviews, 3 are meta-analyzes, and 13 contain systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. Six studies focused their analyzes on patients with CAD, 2 studies on patients with MI, and 11 included both pathologies. PEF (i.e. strength training, high-intensity interval training, moderate-intenisty continuous training and tai chi) were beneficial on aerobic capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction, recovery heart rate (HR), resting HR, peak HR, muscle strength, functional mobility, body weight and final systolic / diastolic volume. A duration between 7-12 weeks and an intensity greater than 90% HR peak - 80% VO2 peak of high-intensity interval training, and a weekly frequency of 5 sessions, a duration between 6-12 months, an intensity of 79% VO2 peak, a session time of 45 minutes and an early start (1-12 weeks) of moderate-intenisty continuous training presented the best results on CR.
Conclusions: PEF (i.e. strength training, high-intensity interval training, moderate-intenisty continuous training and tai chi) were beneficial in the CR of patients with CAD and / or MI. In addition, evidence was found on the best ranges of the FITT principle of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training for the secondary prevention of these pathologies.
Patient or healthcare consumer involvement: Cardiac rehabilitation patients
Objectives: to know the influence of PEF and its FITT principle (frequency, intensity, type and time) on the secondary prevention of CR in patients with CAD and / or MI.
Methods: We carried out a review in PubMed and Web of Science, with articles published until March 1, 2019. The 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' tool (AMSTAR-2) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and/or meta-analyzes (B. J. Shea et al., 2017). To be selected in this review, the articles had to meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) studies of PEF in CR of people with CAD and / or MI; (2) to analyze the influence of this PEF on secondary prevention of CR; (3) in English or Spanish full text, published in the selected databases; and, (4) in a systematic review and / or meta-analysis modality.
Results: A total of 3902 articles were identified, of which 19 were selected. Sixteen studies were of moderate-high quality (AMSTAR-2). All studies analyzed the effects of PEF on CR variables for adult patients (mean age range: 48-79 years). Three studies are systematic reviews, 3 are meta-analyzes, and 13 contain systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. Six studies focused their analyzes on patients with CAD, 2 studies on patients with MI, and 11 included both pathologies. PEF (i.e. strength training, high-intensity interval training, moderate-intenisty continuous training and tai chi) were beneficial on aerobic capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction, recovery heart rate (HR), resting HR, peak HR, muscle strength, functional mobility, body weight and final systolic / diastolic volume. A duration between 7-12 weeks and an intensity greater than 90% HR peak - 80% VO2 peak of high-intensity interval training, and a weekly frequency of 5 sessions, a duration between 6-12 months, an intensity of 79% VO2 peak, a session time of 45 minutes and an early start (1-12 weeks) of moderate-intenisty continuous training presented the best results on CR.
Conclusions: PEF (i.e. strength training, high-intensity interval training, moderate-intenisty continuous training and tai chi) were beneficial in the CR of patients with CAD and / or MI. In addition, evidence was found on the best ranges of the FITT principle of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training for the secondary prevention of these pathologies.
Patient or healthcare consumer involvement: Cardiac rehabilitation patients