Factors influencing the implementation of mental health recovery into services: A mixed studies systematic review

Article type
Authors
Piat M1, Wainwright M2, Sofouli E1, Vachon B3, Deslauriers T3, Prefontaine C3
1McGill University
2Douglas Mental Health University Institute
3University of Montreal
Abstract
Background: Recovery is a worldwide paradigm in mental health. Emerging from the consumer survivor movement personal recovery is described as “a way of living a satisfying, hopeful, contributing life, despite the psychiatry disability or symptoms”. While traditional services focus on professional control, patient dependency, self-stigma and hopelessness, the focus of recovery-oriented services is on client empowerment, collaborative professional/client relationships, and community integration.

Objectives: We conducted a mixed studies review on the operationalization of recovery into services for adults. The review questions were: How has mental health recovery been implemented into services for adults, and what factors influence the implementation of recovery-oriented services?

Methods: Ovid- MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, EBSCO-CINAHL Plus with Full Text, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from 1998 to July 2018. We included peer-reviewed studies on implementation process, factors and experience when implementing new efforts to transform services for adults with mental illness towards a recovery-orientation. All studies were independently screened over two stages for inclusion by two reviewers using Distiller SR software. We applied Best-Fit Framework Synthesis approach to synthesis and used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to appraise all included studies. We used both the PRISMA and ENTREQ reporting guidelines. NVivo12 was used for data synthesis.

Results: Of the 70 included studies, 54 were qualitative, 7 mixed-methods, 6 quantitative, 2 (quantitative and qualitative) and 1 RCT. Studies were from: Hong Kong (1), Denmark (1), Japan (1), Republic of Ireland (1), Norway (2), Germany (2), Canada (4), UK (15), USA (19), and Australia (24). Sixty-eight were in English, and 2 in German. Two sets of findings will be presented: (1) distribution of data extracted across CFIR domains and constructs and (2) conceptualization of studies into similar types of innovations and common issues effecting implementation. Seven recovery innovations: (1) E-Innovations; (2) Family-Focused Innovations; (3) Peer Workers; (4) Personal Recovery Planning; (5) Recovery Colleges; (6) Service Navigation and Co-ordination and (7) Staff Training. Common implementation issues are: flexibility, relationship building, inclusion of lived experience, challenges with medical model, risk management, embedding innovations in wider organization, and early engagement with stakeholders.

Conclusions: To date reviews in mental health recovery have been on conceptualizing personal recovery, measure instruments and intervention effectiveness. This is the first review on the implementation of recovery-oriented services and the factors known to effect implementation, and common factors that influence implementation.