Reporting quality of case series using computer tomography in patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Article type
Authors
Wang M1, Luo X2, Lv M3, Lei J1, Tian J4, Chen Y4
1Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
2School of Public Health of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; Cochrane China Network for GRADE and Guideline Working Group, Lanzhou
3School of Public Health of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
4Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; Cochrane China Network for GRADE and Guideline Working Group, Lanzhou
Abstract
Background:
In later 2019, a pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread to 23 countries around the world. A large number of case series studies using computer tomography (CT) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were published. However, the reporting quality of those studies is unknow.

Objectives:
To evaluate the reporting quality of case series studies reporting widely used CT for COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Wangfang Data, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and CBM (Sinomed) were searched between 1 January 2020 and 1 March 2020. Case series studies focused on chest CT imaging for patients with COVID-19 were included. We used the revised Preferred Reporting Of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guideline to assess the reporting quality of case series studies on COVID-19.

Results:
We included thirty-three case series studies. Only 21.2% (7/33) the studies used the term "case series" in the title, no article used the "case series" as a keyword, and only one literature in the research method mentioned the type of study as a case series. 60.6% (20/33) of the included studies were not comprehensively described the methods in the abstract, such as describe when was it done and by whom. No studies reported the trial registration. 48.5%(16/33)included studies didn’t perform ethical approval. Only 27.3% (9/33) studies reported the prospective or retrospective in design, the single or multi-center, and consecutive or non-consecutive, however most of studies did not report whether the cases are consecutive or non-consecutive. There were 30.3% (10/33) studies did not report where the study was conducted, and the remaining only mentioned the name or geographical location of the hospital, but not the nature of the institution; 75.8% (25/33) did not report the exclusion criteria for participants or the epidemiological history/severity of the disease and other comorbid conditions; 57.6% (19/33) of image examination methods and parameters/contents and methods of image evaluation were not reported or incomplete; 21.2% (7/33) did not report the experience of image evaluators, and 42.4% (14/33) did not have quality control and consistency checks. Most of the literature (32/33) in the discussion section summarized the key results and 81.8% (27/33) of the articles compared with previous studies, but only 54.5% (18/33) articles discussed the advantages and limitations of research. 81.8% (27/33) studies did not declare conflicts of interest or funding sources.

Conclusions:
The reporting quality of the case series studies in the field of CT diagnosis of COVID-19 is poor. Future studies should follow the reporting guideline of case series. In addition, the PROCESS guidelines are not applicable to the imaging field. A case series reporting guideline for imaging will be developed later.

Patient or healthcare consumer involvement: None.