Impacts of climate change on health and health systems: Producing evidence syntheses to support decision-making

Article type
Authors
Thomson D1, Delgado-Figueroa N2, Bhaumik S3, Cumpston M4, Heyn P5, Metzendorf M6, Piechotta V7, Skoetz N8, Wieland LS9, Alcaraz-Sanchez E10, Ebi KL11, Tong S, Parker E, O'Neill N
1Cochrane Climate-Health Working Group
2Cochrane Mexico
3Meta-research and Evidence Synthesis Unit, The George Institute for Global Health
4Monash University and University of Newcastle
5Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders, Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
6Robert Koch Institute
7Universidad de Guadalajara
8Center for Health and the Global Environment, Dept of Global Health, University of Washington
9Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Anhui Medical University; Nanjing Medical University; Queensland University of Technology
10Vanderbilt University Medical Center
11Directorate of Public Health, NHS Highland
Abstract
Background
The climate emergency is a pressing threat to human health and health systems. Members of the Cochrane community must bring our evidence synthesis expertise to the work of supporting effective decision making to adapt to or mitigate its impacts. Because of the multi-level and systemic challenge of this topic, relevant evidence is complex and heterogeneous. Synthesis of this evidence requires appropriate methods that incorporate interdisciplinary approaches.

Objective
To introduce participants to the knowledge and skills needed to conduct comprehensive and rigorous evidence syntheses on climate-health topics. Participants will gain an understanding of available relevant evidence synthesis methods and will be introduced to the skills needed to conduct their own syntheses. They will also have the opportunity to network with other researchers and practitioners working in the field.

Description
Overview of key concepts and terminology
- Introduction to climate change and human health linkages
- Adaptation and mitigation initiatives related to health and health systems

Decisions related to conducting a review:
- Framing the PICO question
- Search strategies and selecting databases
- Incorporating logic models/conceptual frameworks to link health and climate variables
- Decisions about scope (lumping versus splitting) and levels of analysis
- Addressing equity considerations
- Establishing a review advisory board

There will be facilitated small-group work sessions addressing specific issues for designing a protocol on a climate-health question. Participants can bring their own topics or work from sample topics provided by the facilitators.

The workshop will conclude with a brief discussion of future methods needs for climate-health syntheses.