Adopting an adapted approach to developing scoping review protocols: an experience report

Article type
Authors
Hussein Barakat S1, Gabiatti D1, Eduardo dos Santos Alves M1, Barros Ferreira E2, Cristina de Campos Pereira Silveira R1
1Ribeirão Preto College Of Nursing, University Of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
2Ribeirão Preto College Of Nursing, University Of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the scoping review has emerged as a method of synthesizing knowledge in health research, experiencing notable growth, especially in the last decade. This methodology plays a crucial role in mapping scientific knowledge. Guidelines proposed by the JBI Collaboration guide its conduct, along with tools such as PRISMA-ScR, which provide direction on reporting these reviews. Nevertheless, researchers must seek updated and practical strategies to ensure the operability, integrity and validity of the proposed protocols. Objectives: To describe the experience of adopting an adapted approach in developing scoping review protocols by a Brazilian research group. Methods: This experience report describes enhancement strategies in the stages of constructing of scoping review protocols developed by members of the Evidence-Based Practice Research Group in Health at the University of São Paulo. Results: During the preliminary search strategy construction, in addition to the guidelines advocated, we utilized complementary tools such as Scival, a modular tool from Elsevier providing relevant bibliometric data for the topic of interest. This aided in identifying additional keywords to enhance the search. In the pilot study selection, we conducted a comprehensive screening of all articles identified in the preliminary search and consulted the reference lists through a manual search. Additionally, at this stage, we refined inclusion criteria by applying them to the titles and abstracts, enabling improvements in eligibility criteria and refinement of the research question. This stage is particularly challenging in scoping reviews, given their broad characteristics and difficulty in formulating the research question precisely. During the pilot, we also noted improvements in the data extraction framework, iteratively incorporating analyses pertinent to the review objective. Conclusions: The improved approach facilitated the refinement of eligibility criteria, contributing to better alignment with the review question, and improving the data extraction framework. It also complemented the validation of the search strategy systematically, aiming to ensure high sensitivity and minimize bias in record retrieval. Consequently, it provided an optimized and more precise process for knowledge synthesis through scoping review.