Objective To explore the application effect of the evidence-based cardiac exercise rehabilitation quality improvement program in the inpatient period of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods Post-percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Hangzhou tertiary-level A general hospital from April to June 2021 and from October to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and 43 patients from April to June 2021 were treated as the control group, adopting the conventional post-operative cardiac exercise rehabilitation program; 45 patients from October to December 2021 were treated as the observation group, implementing the evidence-based cardiac exercise rehabilitation program. observation group, implementing an evidence-based cardiac exercise rehabilitation program. The angina grading and exercise fear level of the patients in the two groups, and the level of knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation among healthcare professionals were compared. Results Angina grading after cardiac exercise rehabilitation was significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (x2 = 6.462, p = 0.040). The cardiac rehabilitation-related knowledge score of the 14 nurses before cardiac exercise rehabilitation training was (80.00 ± 10.41), and the cardiac rehabilitation-related knowledge level of the 14 nurses after training was (91.14 ± 14.05), with a statistically significant difference (t =﹣2.682, p < 0.001); and the fear of exercise level of the observation group scored (37.21 ± 5.74), significantly lower than that of the control group of (40.91 ± 7.46), the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.576, p = 0.012). Conclusion During the hospitalization period after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction, the implementation of an evidence-based cardiac exercise rehabilitation quality improvement program can enhance the knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation among healthcare professionals, effectively promote the practice of early exercise rehabilitation in clinics, reduce the occurrence of exercise fear in patients, and promote postoperative rehabilitation.