Article type
Abstract
"Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an essential concern in women's health, being the leading cause of mortality in postmenopausal women and significantly contributing to years of life lost and increased healthcare costs. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, combined with the decline in estrogen hormone during menopause, increase cardiovascular risk (CVR). There is a need to include these risk factors in a guideline to identify modifiable risk factors early and acknowledge the importance of considering factors specific to the female sex in CVR assessment, such as gynecological history and psychosocial factors.
Objective
To identify the importance of cardiovascular prevalence and Cardiovascular risk in climacteric women, develop a guideline.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the CVR of climacteric women (45-65 years) who attended the Gynecology Service of a tertiary hospital. Women diagnosed with coronary artery disease were excluded. The variables collected were body mass index (BMI), CV risk factors by the American Heart Association (AHA), and questionnaires on women-specific risk factors, depression, and physical activity. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and IRB approved it.
Results:
Two hundred eighteen menopausal women were interviewed, of whom 47 were excluded due to the lack of information. Most women had low CVR (76.6%) and were overweight or obese (80.1%). Depression prevalence was 55.6%, and 52.6% reported a sedentary lifestyle, while 44,4% had been using oral contraceptives for more than five years. No association had been identified between depression, physical activity, sex-specific factors, and CVR, except for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).
Conclusion:
The AHA calculator does not include some risk factors for cardiovascular disease in climacteric women. There is a need to consider specific female sex factors in CVR evaluation, highlighting the importance of including these variables in a guideline on CV risk factors for women. This study describes a high prevalence of depression, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and other sex-specific risk factors among menopausal women, and a comprehensive guideline should be implemented based on a prevalence estimate of local context frequency of CV risk factors in women.
"
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an essential concern in women's health, being the leading cause of mortality in postmenopausal women and significantly contributing to years of life lost and increased healthcare costs. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, combined with the decline in estrogen hormone during menopause, increase cardiovascular risk (CVR). There is a need to include these risk factors in a guideline to identify modifiable risk factors early and acknowledge the importance of considering factors specific to the female sex in CVR assessment, such as gynecological history and psychosocial factors.
Objective
To identify the importance of cardiovascular prevalence and Cardiovascular risk in climacteric women, develop a guideline.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the CVR of climacteric women (45-65 years) who attended the Gynecology Service of a tertiary hospital. Women diagnosed with coronary artery disease were excluded. The variables collected were body mass index (BMI), CV risk factors by the American Heart Association (AHA), and questionnaires on women-specific risk factors, depression, and physical activity. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and IRB approved it.
Results:
Two hundred eighteen menopausal women were interviewed, of whom 47 were excluded due to the lack of information. Most women had low CVR (76.6%) and were overweight or obese (80.1%). Depression prevalence was 55.6%, and 52.6% reported a sedentary lifestyle, while 44,4% had been using oral contraceptives for more than five years. No association had been identified between depression, physical activity, sex-specific factors, and CVR, except for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).
Conclusion:
The AHA calculator does not include some risk factors for cardiovascular disease in climacteric women. There is a need to consider specific female sex factors in CVR evaluation, highlighting the importance of including these variables in a guideline on CV risk factors for women. This study describes a high prevalence of depression, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and other sex-specific risk factors among menopausal women, and a comprehensive guideline should be implemented based on a prevalence estimate of local context frequency of CV risk factors in women.
"