Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of Chinese medicine and integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of pneumonia. Methods: The electronic medical record (EMR) of patients with pneumonia who admitted to the Classical Department of Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 29, 2012 to June 17, 2022 were retrospectively collected. According to different intervention strategies, the patients were divided into Chinese medicine group and integrated Chinese and western medicine group. Propensity score matching method was used to balance possible confounding factors. COX regression analysis was performed on the matched cohort to compare death rates among the groups, and Kaplan-Meier curve was drawn to evaluate the survival probability during hospitalization. The length of stay, duration of fever remission, maximum oxygen concentration and number of patients transferred to intensive care unit were compared between the two groups. The association rule analysis of prescriptions in the Chinese medicine group was carried out to further summarize the treatment rule. Results: We screened 1179 records, and included 1124 cases that meant the inclusion criteria. After matching, 299 patients were remained in each group, among which the baseline characteristics were comparable. The risk of death event in the integrated Chinese and western medicine group was higher than that in the Chinese medicine group （HR=3.04, 95%CI [1.02-9.05], P=0.046）, and the accumulated survival rate during hospitalization was lower than that in the Chinese medicine group (log-rank test, Chi-Square=4.404, P=0.036), difference between the groups was significant, respectively. Comparing with the integrated Chinese and western medicine group, the duration of hospital stay and fever remission was shorter, the proportion of patients with fever remission increased, maximum oxygen concentration decreased, and fewer patients were transferred to the intensive care unit. In addition, the correlation of Zingiberis Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma was the strongest, which was the compatibility combination with the highest support. Conclusion: Chinese medicine can reduce the occurrence of death events, shorten the duration of hospitalization and fever remission, and reduce the maximum oxygen flow concentration in patients with pneumonia, which may facilitate the prognosis improvement.