Article type
Abstract
"Introduction: Excess weight can cause a person to develop chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, some types of cancer, and chronic lung disease.
Objective: Establish the effectiveness and safety of 10 nutritional therapies in weight loss and maintenance of lost weight in people over 18 years of age who are overweight or obese.
Methods: Cochrane Central, Lilacs, Medline, Embase and gray literature were searched for randomized controlled trials that will compare one or more nutritional therapies, data were extracted independently. The risk of bias was assessed with RoB2. A network meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model with inverse variance method and standardized mean difference effect measure. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with GRADE.
Results: A total of 48 studies with 5475 people were included in the review, with 40 trials the network meta-analysis was performed. The most effective nutritional therapy for weight loss was low glycemic index with a DMS 1.14 (CI 95% 0.92 to 1.42), the common comparator was low calorie diet (Fig 1).
To maintain weight loss, Mediterranean, ketogenic, and low-fat diets have a DMS of 0.67 (CI 95% 0.27 to 1.65). Both outcomes presented high certainty of evidence. The decrease in abdominal perimeter, intermittent fasting presented an MDS of 1.26 (CI 95% 0.91 to 1.73) and the nutritional therapy that can cause greater loss of muscle mass is the ketogenic diet with an MDS of 1.17 (CI 95% 0.85 to 1.62) and the one with the least effect is the Mediterranean diet with DMS 0.77 (CI 95% 0.45 to 1.34).
Conclusion: Low glycemic index diet has better results in weight loss when compared to other nutritional therapies, however, it is the one with the highest probability of weight gain (Fig 2). More studies are required that can strengthen this conclusion.
"
Objective: Establish the effectiveness and safety of 10 nutritional therapies in weight loss and maintenance of lost weight in people over 18 years of age who are overweight or obese.
Methods: Cochrane Central, Lilacs, Medline, Embase and gray literature were searched for randomized controlled trials that will compare one or more nutritional therapies, data were extracted independently. The risk of bias was assessed with RoB2. A network meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model with inverse variance method and standardized mean difference effect measure. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with GRADE.
Results: A total of 48 studies with 5475 people were included in the review, with 40 trials the network meta-analysis was performed. The most effective nutritional therapy for weight loss was low glycemic index with a DMS 1.14 (CI 95% 0.92 to 1.42), the common comparator was low calorie diet (Fig 1).
To maintain weight loss, Mediterranean, ketogenic, and low-fat diets have a DMS of 0.67 (CI 95% 0.27 to 1.65). Both outcomes presented high certainty of evidence. The decrease in abdominal perimeter, intermittent fasting presented an MDS of 1.26 (CI 95% 0.91 to 1.73) and the nutritional therapy that can cause greater loss of muscle mass is the ketogenic diet with an MDS of 1.17 (CI 95% 0.85 to 1.62) and the one with the least effect is the Mediterranean diet with DMS 0.77 (CI 95% 0.45 to 1.34).
Conclusion: Low glycemic index diet has better results in weight loss when compared to other nutritional therapies, however, it is the one with the highest probability of weight gain (Fig 2). More studies are required that can strengthen this conclusion.
"