Approximately 70% of premature deaths result from dangerous health-related behaviors that begin in childhood and adolescence. However, contemporary literature predominantly centers on adult population, with limited evidence on burden, risk factors, determinants, and potential interventions specifically targeting children and adolescents. It is imperative to prioritize and intervene at this phase, as 11 of the 18 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 19 of the 53 health-associated SDG indicators revolve around child and adolescent health. The objective of this evidence gap map is to provide an overview of the available evidence, identify existing interventions, summarize the effectiveness of these interventions, and highlight research gaps for selected risk factors (substance misuse and obesity) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (type 1 diabetes [T1D], mental health conditions, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases) that altogether account for 41% of disability-adjusted life years linked to NCDs among children and adolescents worldwide. We searched 4 databases to generate an evidence gap map of existing interventions and research gaps for these risk factors and NCDs. We mapped 159 reviews with 2611 primary studies; most (96.2%) were conducted in high-income countries, and only 100 studies (3.8%) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Figure 1). Schools were the most frequently reported delivery platform (32%), followed by clinic- (24%) and hospital-based delivery (13%) and community-based delivery (13%). Digital health platforms were the least frequently used (5%) platform (Figure 2). Figure 3 depicts the distribution of studies across the broad intervention categories from the included studies. The efficacy of therapeutic interventions on biomarkers and adverse events for NCDs appears to be well evidenced (Figure 4). Interventions for mental health conditions appear to be moderately evidenced, while interventions for obesity and substance misuse appear to be moderate to very low evidenced. Priority areas for future research include evaluating digital health platforms to support primary NCD prevention and management and evaluating the impact of policy changes on the prevalence of obesity and substance misuse. Our findings highlight the wide disparity of evidence between high-income countries and LMICs. There is an urgent need for increased, targeted financing to address the research gaps in LMICs.