Article type
Abstract
Background: Since last century, the diseases paradigm is gradually shifting from communicable to non-communicable ones in most of the Low-and-Middle income countries (LMICs). Besides this, novel threats are arising from various zoonotic diseases. To address the disease epidemiology and control inter-species transmission through different media of the environment, the concept of “One Health” was introduced in 2004.
Objectives: In this systematic review, we aimed to document diverse One Health approaches acquired to confront Scrub typhus, Anthrax and Brucellosis, by the South-East Asian countries.
Methods: Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, and EBSCO-CINHL, were searched using the MeSH terms such as “One Health”, “Anthrax”, “Brucellosis”,”Scrub typhus” and “Southeast Asia” and relevant keywords, from inception till 11th May, 2023. We hand-searched the reference lists of all relevant articles. Two authors conducted primary and secondary screening; in case of incongruity in decision, a third author provided the final verdict. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the quality of studies.
Results: Among 711 studies, eligibility criteria were met by six studies from India and one each from Nepal, Cambodia, Congo. Study setting mentioned in one article was both Lao PDR and Cambodia. Five studies on brucellosis, four on anthrax and two on scrub typhus identified several One Health approaches. Intersectoral collaboration (four studies), human and animal vaccination (three studies), establishment of surveillance system (three on human and five studies on animal surveillance) were few of the major activities carried out by one or neighbouring nations, as an international collaborative venture. Few of them, also pointed out upliftment of human and animal health infrastructure, assessment of knowledge and perception and development of guideline from the ministry of health as a tool for disease management and prevent animal to human transmission.
Conclusion: Irrespective of fatality, these diseases still have not received the significance of a mainstream condition. Only the focal areas have garnered attention for disease specific interventions. Advocacy from the public health specialists and policy-makers for treating human and animal health with equal importance and moderating towards positive health seeking behaviour can only lead to a fruitful consequence.
Objectives: In this systematic review, we aimed to document diverse One Health approaches acquired to confront Scrub typhus, Anthrax and Brucellosis, by the South-East Asian countries.
Methods: Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, and EBSCO-CINHL, were searched using the MeSH terms such as “One Health”, “Anthrax”, “Brucellosis”,”Scrub typhus” and “Southeast Asia” and relevant keywords, from inception till 11th May, 2023. We hand-searched the reference lists of all relevant articles. Two authors conducted primary and secondary screening; in case of incongruity in decision, a third author provided the final verdict. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the quality of studies.
Results: Among 711 studies, eligibility criteria were met by six studies from India and one each from Nepal, Cambodia, Congo. Study setting mentioned in one article was both Lao PDR and Cambodia. Five studies on brucellosis, four on anthrax and two on scrub typhus identified several One Health approaches. Intersectoral collaboration (four studies), human and animal vaccination (three studies), establishment of surveillance system (three on human and five studies on animal surveillance) were few of the major activities carried out by one or neighbouring nations, as an international collaborative venture. Few of them, also pointed out upliftment of human and animal health infrastructure, assessment of knowledge and perception and development of guideline from the ministry of health as a tool for disease management and prevent animal to human transmission.
Conclusion: Irrespective of fatality, these diseases still have not received the significance of a mainstream condition. Only the focal areas have garnered attention for disease specific interventions. Advocacy from the public health specialists and policy-makers for treating human and animal health with equal importance and moderating towards positive health seeking behaviour can only lead to a fruitful consequence.