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Displaying 1 - 20 of 61 Index
Poster "Weight of evidence" as an expression of clinical heterogeneity
1995 Oslo
Langhorne
Introduction: Clinical heterogeneity causes problems when trying to draw practical inferences from broadly inclusive systematic overviews of complex interventions. Conventional subgroup analysis may not completely address the needs of users of such overviews who frequently want to know how to…
Poster A comparison of long and short quality scores of published trials
1995 Oslo
Fardy, Macintosh
Various approaches have been used for the formal assessment of the methodological quality of trial reports. The 100-point protocol developed by Chalmers et al. is most widely known but time consuming to apply. A simpler 9-point protocol has also been used by the same group. The purpose of this…
Poster A meta-analysis of treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitonin
1995 Oslo
Cranny, Tugwell, Shea, Wells, Moher, Henry, Adachi
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, which leads to an increased risk of fracture. It is the most frequent metabolic disorder in Canada and has significant effects on quality of life. Exogenous calcitonin has been shown to be effective in arresting postmenopausal…
Poster A national registry of clinical trials: an Australian experience
1995 Oslo
Ghersi, Simes
The National Clinical Trials Registry: Cancer Trials (NCTR) was established to facilitate the identification of ongoing or unpublished clinical trials in cancer. The primary objective of the NCTR is to improve patient care by ensuring that cancer clinical trial research conducted in Australia is of…
Poster A network for working nationally within the Cochrane Collaboration: the "Groupe Synthese" network
1995 Oslo
Gueyffier, Boissel
Introduction: In 1988 at the Lyon University Hospital, a group of university staff got together to form the first "Groupe Synthese". The aim of this group was to promote the understanding of methods for synthesising therapeutic information (systematic reviews), and provide help to those…
Poster A review of the biomedical journals in Japan containing the RCTs which may be useful for the Cochrane Collaboration
1995 Oslo
Sakai, Origasa
Introduction: The Japanese involvement in the Cochrane Collaboration has been recently more active in a certain medical field. We should really document the available databases and a list of useful biomedical journals to search for those RCTs (Randomized Controlled Trials) conducted in Japan.…
Poster Advantages of the meta-analysis of individual patient data: an example from superficial bladder cancer.
1995 Oslo
Bijnens, Sylvester, Ivanov, Hoctin, Pawinski
Introduction: Advantages of the meta-analysis of individual patient data are the possibility to: verify the randomization and the comparability of follow-up in different treatment groups, carry out time to event analyses and subgroup analyses, and use new updated information. Analysis by intention…
Poster An overview of the efficacy and safety of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for the patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus based on the RCTs conducted in Japan
1995 Oslo
Origasa, Sakai, Atsumi, Tajima
Introduction: An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is considered as one of the promising oral medication classes for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Despite the limited clinical data so far in Japan, a quantitative overview must be useful.
Objective: We quantitatively assessed the…
Poster Anaesthesiologic treatment for patients with chronic benign low back pain: a systematic review
1995 Oslo
de
This systematic review tries to answer the question whether anaesthesiologic pain relief is an effective treatment for patients with chronic benign low back pain. We therefore collected all randomized controlled trials on this subject (n=25), and after excluding the ones not meeting the inclusion…
Poster Assessing trial quality by a short and a detailed list
1995 Oslo
Zaat, Assendelft, Mank
Introduction: Ranking trials according to their quality is a topic of discussion in literature and CRGs. So far only concealment of allocation has proven to be of influence on the results. Some plead for simple lists with attention only to concealment and randomization, while others use more…
Poster Bias in case-control studies of screening effects
1995 Oslo
Flanders, Hosek, Sasco
Introduction: Screening programs are undertaken to reduce mortality and/or morbidity from chronic diseases such as cancer. Matched case-control studies have been used to assess the effectiveness of screening programs because of their relative simplicity and low cost. In such studies, the exposure…
Poster Collaboration to identify controlled trials in general health care journals in Europe
1995 Oslo
McDonald
Introduction: A major problem facing those preparing systematic reviews of the effects of health care is the difficulty in identifying all eligible studies. In a programme of activity coordinated by the Baltimore Cochrane Center, the Cochrane Collaboration is working with the US National Library of…
Poster Comparison of Medline and Embase retrieval of RCTs of the effects of educational interventions on asthma-related outcomes
1995 Oslo
Wolf, Grum, Bara, Milan, Jones
Introduction: Medline (Index Medicus) includes approximately 3700 journals, mostly but not entirely in the English language. Embase (Excerpta Medica) includes approximately 3500 journals, including many non-English language journals. Thus it is logical to hypothesize that the comprehensiveness of…
Poster Comparison of the tests of homogeneity based on odds ratio and risk difference for interaction
1995 Oslo
Prasad, Menon
Introduction: Subgroup analyses are frequently encountered in randomized trials (RCT) and those of meta-analyses of RCTs. Several authors have recommended the use of a test of homogeneity to estimate the probability that an observed interaction might have arisen due to chance. There has been…
Poster Control prevalence trend bias: why observations from randomized trials, that clinical treatments have greater efficacy in high risk populations, may be biased
1995 Oslo
Bracken, Sinclair, Zhana, Holford
It is increasingly common to see analyses of treatment efficacy from randomized trials as a function of the prevalence of the event rate in the control group. These analyses are of control prevalence strata within a single trial or across a set of trials within the context of a meta-analysis. We…
Poster Controlled trials in systemic vasculitis
1995 Oslo
Dadoniené
The review of papers concerning systemic vasculitis (SV) was done from the Medline database, covering the period from 1991 till 1995. 1,543 abstracts were presented here. Only 473 from them could be reckon among primary SV nomenclature accepted in Chapel Hill consensus conference. No blind methods…
Poster Developing a critical appraisal skills programme for consumers
1995 Oslo
Milne, Oliver
Introduction: There is a growing enthusiasm amongst reviewers for involving consumers in the review process. Although consumer groups were eager to make use of systematic reviews when "Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth" was first published, they need to develop their skills in…
Poster Effectiveness of community development interventions in public health nursing: a systematic review
1995 Oslo
Ploeg, Dobbins, Hayward, Ciliska, Thomas, Underwood, Hayward
Introduction: Community development, a complex intervention following a health promotion model to improve multiple health outcomes, is becoming the focus of much public health practice. Evaluations using randomized controlled trials are neither feasible nor appropriate.
Objective: To develop a…
Poster Estrogens and osteoporosis: investigators concerned with technology rather than clinical science
1995 Oslo
O'Connell, Robertson, Henry, Gillespie
Introduction: The literature on the use of estrogens in the prevention of osteoporosis lacks RCTs reporting fracture as the main clinical outcome.
Objectives: To examine the quality of RCTs of the effects of estrogen treatment on measures of bone density.
Methods: Searching of Medline and…
Poster Estrogens and osteoporosis: quality of observational studies
1995 Oslo
O'Connell, Robertson, Henry, Gillespie
Introduction: The literature on the use of estrogens in the prevention of osteoporosis lacks RCTs reporting fracture as the main clinical outcome.
Objective: To examine the quality of the observational studies that represent the main source of evidence on the effect of estrogen treatment on hip…