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Displaying 21 - 40 of 61 Index
Poster Evidence-based health care
1995 Oslo
Gray
The English Research and Development Programme has been developed not only to promote research but also to promote:
* the dissemination of research findings,
* the promotion of the use of research findings,
* the promotion of an evaluative culture.
The main aim has been to…
Poster Hand-searching for studies other than randomised trials
1995 Oslo
Bero, Grimshaw, Hyde
Introduction: CCEPP (the Cochrane Collaboration on Effective Professional Practice) is reviewing the effects of educational, organizational and financial interventions on professional behaviour. The effects of these interventions cannot always be examined using randomized controlled trials.…
Poster Handling multiple outcome measures
1995 Oslo
Hazell, O'Connel, Heathcote, Robertson, Henry
There is a great need for treatment outcome research in child and adolescent psychiatry, yet research to date has been of variable quality. Studies have been characterised by the use of small and heterogenous samples, and multiple outcome measures. Sample size is naturally addressed in meta-…
Poster How systematic are reviews of health economics?
1995 Oslo
Rigby, Silagy, Crockett
Introduction: The lack of a systematic approach to preparing review articles has been demonstrated across a variety of medical disciplines. Review articles which focus on health economic issues, such as cost-effectiveness, rely heavily on synthesising information about resource utilisation as well…
Poster Identification of true RCTs of the effects of educational interventions on asthma-related outcomes in Medline and Embase using abstracts versus full text
1995 Oslo
Wolf, Grum, Lefebvre, Bara, Milan, Jones
Introduction: Electronic searches of bibliographic databases in search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may be thought to yield paradoxical results. On the one hand, it is increasingly known that electronic databases miss a significant number of true RCTs that can be identified by hand…
Poster Identifying asthma RCTs with Medline and Embase
1995 Oslo
Bara, Milan, Jones
The validity of systematic reviews rests upon the efficiency and scope of the methods used for identifying RCTs. It has long been recognised that Medline identifies an insufficient number of RCTs for the purpose of developing systematic reviews, and thus lays emphasis on the importance of…
Poster Interventions for osteoporosis: a comparison of retrieval rates for RCTs using a broad labour-intensive search strategy, and Cochrane searching algorithms
1995 Oslo
Robertson, Shea, O'Connell, Henry, Mears, Wells, Tugwell, O'Connell
Introduction: The musculoskeletal group in the Cochrane Collaboration is carrying out a series of systematic reviews of the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to prevent osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. The clinical epidemiology units at the Universities of Ottawa (CEUO)…
Poster Is there a relationship between antipsychotic blood levels and their clinical efficacy? An analysis of studies design and methodology
1995 Oslo
de, Dardennes
There are now more than 50 studies concerning neuroleptic blood levels and clinical outcome relationships. Haloperidol, the most studied, is the only antipsychotic permitting some conclusions. A number of authors suggest that the striking lack of agreement between different studies results from…
Poster Meta-analysis comparing the effects of low risk nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the gastric and duodenal mucosa
1995 Oslo
Ferraz, Maetzel, Bombardier
Introduction/Objective: Endoscopically proven gastric ulcers are present in 12% to 28% of patients taking regular NSAIDs. Recently, several low-risk gastrointestinal (GI) injury NSAIDs have become available. This study aimed at reviewing the literature to test 2 hypotheses: (1) Do low-risk NSAIDs,…
Poster Meta-analysis of misoprostol in the prevention of gastroduodenal (GD) ulcers in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
1995 Oslo
Ferraz, Maetzel, Bombardier
Introduction/Objective: Endoscopically proven gastric ulcers are present in 12% to 28% of patients taking regular NSAIDs. Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin El analogue, has been shown to reduce the frequency of GD ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs. This study evaluates the effectiveness of…
Poster Methodological quality of randomized clinical trials on treatment efficacy in low back pain
1995 Oslo
Koes, Bouter, van
Introduction: During the last decades the number of published randomized clinical trials in lower back pain has accumulated. For some interventions considerable numbers of trials are available. Trials have been shown to vary substantially regarding their quality.
Objective: To assess the…
Poster Organization of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Cochrane Collaboration group in data abstraction form (DAF)
1995 Oslo
Furst, van
Introduction/Objective: To develop the RACCC in the context of the publication of well over 100 new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) each year.
Methods/Results: To start, the therapy of RA was divided into six groupings: biologies, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, non-steroidal anti-…
Poster Pooling cost data from systematic reviews of economic studies
1995 Oslo
Sassi, Jefferson, Demicheli
Introduction: The health economics literature grew steadily during the last decades, making a significant number of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness studies available to clinicians and policy makers. Many decisions could now be taken on the basis of evidence on the efficiency, as well as…
Poster Promoting evidence-based health care
1995 Oslo
Gray
Systematic reviews provide the evidence on which evidence-based health care can be based. In the Anglia and Oxford Regional Health Authority, covering a population of 5 million people, all aspects of health care from patient choice to policy making are increasingly evidence-based. Taking as a…
Poster Quality assessments of randomized controlled trials: an evaluation by the Chalmers versus the Jadad method
1995 Oslo
Ohlsson, Lacy
Introduction: More than 25 scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been published (Moher D. et al. Control Clin Trials 1995;l6:62), but only one has been validated (range of score: 1 - 5) (Jadad A.R., D Phil Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994). One commonly used…
Poster Quality control of computer databases: a study into the efficiency of electronic searches for randomized trials
1995 Oslo
Adams, Hay
Introduction: Identifying all randomized trials relevant to a review topic is a large and daunting task. Thus, clinicians and medical researchers increasingly rely on computer databases to identify trials. However, the efficiency and precision of searches using such databases is rarely assessed.…
Poster Rating the methodological quality of randomised controlled trials
1995 Oslo
Sindhu
Introduction: A systematic review accumulates results from a number of independent studies. This raises the issue of potential variability in the methodological quality of studies to be accumulated. Although there has been an increase in the use of some form of quality rating by reviewers in the…
Poster Reviews of parent-child health interventions in public health nursing: a systematic overview
1995 Oslo
Hayward, Ciliska, Mitchell, Thomas, Underwood, Dobbins
Introduction: Decisions about programme planning and health policy must often rely on reviews of a broad range of interventions. In public health the impact of nursing interventions is under scrutiny.
Objective: To develop a method to systematically appraise and summarize review articles, and to…
Oral Scientific presentation: Assessing the quality of non-English language randomized controlled trials: implications for the conduct of meta-analysis
1995 Oslo
Moher, Fortin, Jadad, Juni, Klassen, LeLorier, Liberati, Linde
Investigations in which quality components influence intervention effects have already revealed that certain characteristics, such as the level of concealment in patient assignment and masking, play an important role. Such investigations will need to continue, particularly around other possible…
Oral Scientific presentation: Benefits of meta-analysis using individual patient data
1995 Oslo
Clarke, Stewart, Parmar
Introduction: Systematic reviews using meta-analysis to combine the results of related randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly common. However, there is little empirical evidence of the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques for these, which can include calculations…