Background: There is evidence that the endorsement of the CONSORT Statement by journals has a positive impact on the reporting quality of RCTs. Objectives: To assess the extent to which Chinese medical journals indexed in MEDLINE or EMBASE have incorporated CONSORT into their Instruction to Authors. Methods: We included those Chinese medical journals which were indexed in MEDLINE or EMBASE in 2007 and reviewed the latest Instruction to Authors of these journals. We extracted all information mentioning the CONSORT Statement or CONSORT extension papers on the published Instruction to Authors. Any mention of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guideline, other reporting guidelines or clinical trial registration were also extracted. For further study, we contacted each of journals by telephone to ask them whether they mentioned the CONSORT Statement or CONSORT extension papers in their Instruction to Authors, and if it was incorporated into their editorial and peer review processes. Results: Eighty-four journals were included. Only four (5%) of the 84 journals mentioned the CONSORT Statement in their Instruction to Authors, of these one mentioned CONSORT extension papers. In our telephone survey, 69 (82%) journals responded, seven of the 69 journals said that they mentioned the CONSORT Statement in their Instruction to Authors, more than half the journals (39/69) said that they did not know about CONSORT, about 40% of journals think it is not necessary to incorporate CONSORT into the Instruction to Authors of Chinese medical journals. Conclusions: The endorsement of the CONSORT Statement in Chinese medical journals’ Instruction to Authors is not satisfactory. Chinese medical journals should introduce the CONSORT Statement to their authors and require authors to comply with the CONSORT Statement when they submit their clinical research.