Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common and disabling disorder in western society. The management of LBP comprises a range of different intervention strategies including pharmacological interventions with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, antidepressants, and opioids. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions (i.e. NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, antidepressants and opioids) for non-specific chronic low back pain. Methods: Existing Cochrane reviews for the individual interventions were screened for studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria and the searches were updated. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Meta-analyses were performed with clinically homogeneous studies and indirect comparisons were made. The GRADE approach was used to determine the quality of evidence. Results: In total, 17 RCTs were included of which 14 studies had a low risk of bias. There is moderate quality evidence (four RCTs; n=1020) that NSAIDs are more effective than placebo (WMD −12.40; 95% CI −15.53 to −9.26). There is low quality evidence (four RCTs; n=292) that there is no difference in pain relief between antidepressants and placebo (SMD −0.02; 95% CI −0.26 to 0.22). There is moderate evidence (seven RCTs; n=2350) that those who received opioids reported higher pain relief than placebo (SMD -0.57; 95% CI −0.66 to −0.48). There is moderate evidence (four RCTs; n=1258) that opioids are more effective than placebo for improving function (SMD of 0.19 (95%CI 0.08 to 0.31). The results of the indirect comparisons will be available at time of presentation. Conclusions: NSAIDs and opioids seem to lead to a relief in pain compared to placebo in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain, but show more side effects. There seems to be no effects for antidepressants compared to placebo in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.