Search
You can use the search box at the top to search by Author or content.
To search for a string, use speech marks: e.g. "string to search"
Displaying 21 - 40 of 74 records Index
Oral Evaluation of a Plain Language Summary template for Cochrane Reviews
2007 Sao Paulo
Santesso, Glenton, Rosenbaum, Pardo, Ciapponi, Hill, Ryan, Dilkes, Rader
Background: Current Cochrane Handbook guidelines to write Plain Language Summaries (PLS) are helpful, but leave writers with flexibility and creativity, which can lead to conflicting and imprecise reporting of results from the review and misinterpretation. In addition, this flexibility has led to a…
Oral Evidence that matters: Do Cochrane reviews support the WHO Patient Safety Solutions?
2007 Sao Paulo
Solà, Bonfill, Pardo, Safety Systematic Reviews Iberoamerican Group
Background: With the growing recognition worldwide of safety problems in healthcare, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched nine 'Patient Safety Solutions' (PSS), to minimize patients' risk of harm in healthcare systems. To reach a safer practice, healthcare…
Oral From global to local patient safety champions: collaborating on improving patient safety
2007 Sao Paulo
Kovacs Burns, Lyddiatt
Background: From global to local community levels, patients and families/caregivers experience the devastating impact of medical errors and adverse drug events. Statistics on patients harmed are alarming both in the number of people who suffer harm and the frequency with which these events occur.…
Oral Good news about bad news: Improvements in attention to adverse effects in Cochrane reviews (1997-2007) and future challenges
2007 Sao Paulo
Bastian, Schultheis
Background: Knowledge about adverse effects (AEs) is essential to informed decision making. Assessments in earlier years revealed that many Cochrane reviews reviewed only effectiveness, thus failing to consider the potential for harm.
Objectives: To identify whether or not there was an increase in…
Oral Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in health services: The Sentinel Network as a forum for Evidence Based Health
2007 Sao Paulo
Penha Soares
Introduction: Technology innovation and health knowledge is are constantly increasing and changing. This growth in health technologies has been associated with a drop in mortality rates, as well as an increase in the cost of medical care. These new technologies add value to services, although they…
Oral Health promotion, public health and the health of young people: a systematic map of inequalities research
2007 Sao Paulo
Kavanagh, Oliver, Harden, Gray, Oliver, Lorenc, Oakley
Background: Young people have been identified as a key group for health promotion and public health (HP&PH) interventions due to their vulnerability to suffering unequal adverse health outcomes particularly in the areas of accidental injury, mental and emotional health and sexual health.…
Oral Hide and seek! Looking for studies included and (missing) links to other versions
2007 Sao Paulo
Johansen, Vist, Jamtvedt, von Mehren Sæterdal, Merete Reinar, Nordheim
Background: To study the 'life cycle' of Cochrane reviews, we wanted to examine those reviews going from previously including none to currently including some studies. We investigated the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), the online version of the Cochrane Library Issue 1…
Oral High level evidence in oncology - just how many systematic reviews?
2007 Sao Paulo
Healy, Hunt, Alcock
Background: Well conducted systematic reviews provide the most reliable answers to healthcare questions. The UK's NHS Cancer Specialist Library, a comprehensive online evidence-based resource for health professionals, systematically identifies high level evidence in cancer. This is organized…
Oral Identification and characterization of systematic reviews in eyes and vision
2007 Sao Paulo
Li, Scherer, Twose, Anton, Dickersin
Background: Systematic reviews, including Cochrane systematic reviews, are an important resource for evidence-based healthcare. To our knowledge, the availability and quality of systematic reviews in eyes and vision has not been previously assessed formally.
Objectives: To identify and…
Oral Increasing efficiency in search strategies in Cochrane systematic reviews
2007 Sao Paulo
Ruotsalainen
Background: Systematic searches for Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) include some search terms derived from PICO (P = participants, I = intervention, C = control, O = outcome) and for the study design. Searches often produce thousands of potentially relevant references. Manually separating true…
Oral Interpreting efficacy outcomes from open-label extension studies of anti-epileptic drugs
2007 Sao Paulo
Maguire, Hemming, Marson
Background: Open-label extension studies or follow-on RCTs (FORCTs) are increasingly conducted in healthcare research. They may provide information about long-term efficacy and tolerability of newer therapies. Concerns have been raised regarding their validity and the potential for patient…
Oral Is health equity considered in systematic reviews of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group?
2007 Sao Paulo
Maxwell, Tugwell, Robinson, Kristjansson, Petticrew, Wells, Buchbinder, Suarez-Almazor, Andree Nowlan, Morris, Khan, Shea, Tsikata
Background: Systematic reviews have historically focused on average effects, which ignore the distribution of benefit and whether interventions benefit the poor and disadvantaged. The Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group in collaboration with the Cochrane Health Equity Field undertook a project to…
Oral Knowledge and attitudes of professors, residents and medical students toward evidence-based medicine
2007 Sao Paulo
Fawzy Nabhan, ElTobgy
Background: There is a steady rise in the magnitude of influence of evidence-based medicine on clinical practice. Therefore, new medical education programs must include a clear goal to educate physicians in the practice of evidence-based medicine. Many obstacles to any trial of achieving this goal…
Oral Location matters in trial quality: African HIV/AIDS trials are more likely to report adequate allocation concealment and random generation compared with North American HIV/AIDS trials
2007 Sao Paulo
Siegfried, Clarke, Volmink
Background: Adherence to good methodological quality is necessary to minimise bias in randomised controlled trials (RCT). Previous studies have shown the importance of certain characteristics on trial quality, but we are not aware of any studies of the association between methodological quality and…
Oral Making sense of umbrella reviews
2007 Sao Paulo
Caldwell
Background: For a given condition, umbrella reviews summarise the results of existing Cochrane reviews for which there are multiple competing treatments. The results are not re-analysed, but are presented as a list of pairwise results from each component meta-analysis. This lack of formal…
Oral Measuring outcomes in fertility trials - can we rely on clinical pregnancy rates?
2007 Sao Paulo
Clarke, Minouche van Rumste, Cindy Farquhar, Neil Johnson, Ben Willem Mol, Andy Vail
Background: The majority of studies in reproductive medicine only report on surrogate outcomes, such as the occurrence of ovulation or a positive pregnancy test. The primary aim of subfertility treatment is to help couples to get a healthy child. It has recently been proposed that the live birth of…
Oral Methodological issues in using published incidence trends in a systematic review of overdiagnosis in mammography screening
2007 Sao Paulo
Juhl Jørgensen, C. Gøtzsche
Background: Poor reporting of harms in randomised trials is a common problem for Cochrane reviewers. Overdiagnosis is the most important harm of breast cancer screening, and increases in surgery were first quantified in a review of the randomised trials. However, overdiagnosis in trials may differ…
Oral Modified Intention to Treat: frequency, definition and implication for clinical trials
2007 Sao Paulo
Abraha, Montedori, Romagnoli
Background: Intention to treat (ITT) is an important approach used for the analysis of randomised controlled trials. It implies that subjects are included in a trial and analysed regardless of whether they satisfied the entry criteria, the treatment to which they were originally allocated and…
Oral Multiple publication bias in meditation research
2007 Sao Paulo
B. Ospina, Bond, Tjosvold
Background: Multiple publication is a type of reporting bias where a study is published more than once. There is evidence that multiple publication introduces bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of pharmacological interventions. The frequency and characteristics of multiple publications of…
Oral Networking evidence based health care: Cochrane, HTA and Guidelines in Finland
2007 Sao Paulo
Mäkelä, Verbeek, Ketola, Ruotsalainen, Pasternack
Background: Resources to promote evidence-based health care (EBHC) are always limited. Effective sharing and co-operation between institutions and individuals is essential when producing evidence-based information to assist decisions by clinicians and policy makers. Crossing the language barrier…