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Displaying 61 - 80 of 151 records Index
Oral From systematic review to systematically-derived recommendation
2016 Seoul
Oettgen, Alper, Kunnamo
Background: Cochrane Reviews provide systematic reviews of the evidence, but do not directly provide the systematic effort to include clinical expertise and patient values to reach recommendations or guidance. Guidelines may provide systematic efforts to reach recommendations, but a single…
Oral GRADE for preclinical animal studies: translating evidence from bench to bedside
2016 Seoul
Hooijmans, de Vries, Ritskes-Hoitinga, Rovers, Leeflang, in 't Hout, Wever, Hooft, de Beer, Kuijpers, Macleod, Sena, ter Riet, Morgan, Thayer, Rooney, Schünemann, Langendam
Background: Preclinical animal studies are used to develop new clinical treatments. The aim of animal studies (bench) ranges from unraveling pathophysiology and action mechanisms to investigating the clinical potential of selected interventions (bedside). Systematic reviews (SRs) can provide a…
Oral GRADE guidance for addressing the risk of bias associated with missing participant outcome data in meta-analysis: a practical application
2016 Seoul
Mathioudakis, Alonso-Coello, Johnston, Lytvyn, Akl, Guyatt
Background: GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) recently approved guidance for addressing the risk of bias associated with missing participant outcome data in meta-analyses. Thus far, however, application to examples has been limited.
Methods: We applied…
Oral GRADE guidance for assessing risk of bias associated with missing participant outcome data in meta-analysis
2016 Seoul
Guyatt, Ebrahim, Johnson, Alonso-Coelloe, Mathioudakis, Briel, Mustafa, Sun, Walter, Heels-Ansdell, Neumann, Akl
Background: Detailed guidance for assessing the risk of bias associated with missing participant outcome data in meta-analyses has, until recently, been very limited. Available guidance has been available only at the individual study level and not at the body of evidence level.
Objective: To…
Oral Guidance for conducting overviews of reviews: results from a scoping review and qualitative metasummary
2016 Seoul
Pollock, Fernandes, Becker, Featherstone, Hartling
Background: Overviews of reviews (overviews) compile data from multiple systematic reviews (SRs) to provide a single synthesis of relevant evidence for healthcare decision-making. Despite their increasing popularity, there is limited methodological guidance available for researchers wishing to…
Oral Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman confidence intervals can be bizarrely narrow when heterogeneity is very low
2016 Seoul
Siemieniuk, Vandvik, Alonso-Coello, Loeb, Meade, Guyatt
Background: Critics have suggested that the widely used DerSimonian and Laird (DL) method for summarizing random effects often has inappropriately narrow confidence intervals and high type I error rates. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) method represents a popular alternative with allegedly…
Oral Health in my Language: evaluation of health domain adapted machine translation for Cochrane Reviews
2016 Seoul
Ried, for the HimL consortium
Background: Health in my Language (HimL) is an EU-funded, three-year project. It aims to address the need for reliable and affordable translation of public health content into different languages via fully automatic machine translation (MT) systems, initially testing with translation from English…
Oral High statistical heterogeneity is more frequent in meta-analysis of continuous than binary outcomes
2016 Seoul
Alba, Alexander, Chang, MacIsaac, DeFry, Guyatt
Background: Large variation in results of individual studies (heterogeneity) decreases certainty in the effect estimates from meta-analyses. Authors have addressed the interpretation of heterogeneity, as assessed by I2, primarily in meta-analysis evaluating binary outcomes.
Objectives: We…
Oral How often are ineffective interventions still used in clinical practice? A cross-sectional survey of 6272 clinicians in China
2016 Seoul
Luo, Tang, Hu, Li, Wang, Wang, Yang, Ouyang, Duan
Background: One of the important impacts systematic reviews and evidence-based medicine can make is to facilitate the elimination of proven ineffective interventions from practice, which is one of the worst uses of health interventions. However, little is known about the changes that evidence-based…
Oral How to use Cochrane summary of findings tables and individualized baseline risks to inform personalized care plans and population health
2016 Seoul
Kunnamo, Alper
Background: Personalized care plans are needed to optimize care for people who could benefit from multiple interventions.
Objectives: Show the feasibility of precision care via estimation of potential to benefit by calculating absolute risk reductions in a population and rating the importance…
Oral How to write evidence synthesis reports for policy makers: a nine-step practical manual
2016 Seoul
Nguyen, Eklund Karlsson, Takahashi
Background: A large quantity of evidence is available, however, it is dispersed in various databases, is of diverse quality, and is seldom synthesized and packaged in a way that responds to a specific policy question. Different methods exist for synthesizing evidence and packaging evidence for…
Oral Identifying future research priorities in low-and middle-income countries using an Evidence Gap Maps approach: case study of mapping reviews on cataract
2016 Seoul
Virendrakumar
Background: Evidence Gap Maps (EGMs) are a tool for promoting evidence and identifying gaps in research. EGMs summarise, appraise critically and present evidence - often systematic reviews - in a user-friendly format. This paper describes how this tool was applied to assess the availability of…
Oral Identifying the gaps: Cochrane Reviews on cancer prevention
2016 Seoul
Skoetz, Köhler, Goldkuhle, Narayan, Miller, Dahm
Background: Cancer represents a major healthcare burden of our current time, affecting nearly 34 million individuals worldwide. Cancer is associated with disease-specific symptoms, impaired quality of life and resource utilization on an individual patient level, as well as social and economic…
Oral Impact of asymmetry of summary ROC curves in meta-analyses comparing diagnostic test accuracy
2016 Seoul
Takwoingi, Riley, Deeks
Background: Comparisons of the diagnostic accuracy of competing tests may be based on summary curves from hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) meta-regression models. However, the degree of asymmetry (shape) of the curves may not be reliably estimated, especially when the…
Oral Impact of missing outcome data for trial participants included in 100 meta-analyses: an imputation study
2016 Seoul
Kahale, Khamis, Diab, Chang, Lopes, Agarwal, Li, Mustafa , Koudjanian, Waziry , Busse, Dakik, Guyatt, Akl
Background: Missing participant data (MPD) relates to trial participants for whom outcome data are not available for systematic review (SR) authors. A number of methods to assess the impact of MPD on the results of meta-analyses have been proposed. No study has compared the use of these different…
Oral Improvements in the GRADE approach to network meta-analysis
2016 Seoul
Guyatt, Bonner, Alexander, Brignardello-Petersen
Background: Rating the certainty (synonyms: quality, confidence) in evidence associated with the network estimate of each paired comparison within a network meta-analyses (NMA) presents challenges. The GRADE Working Group has addressed the issue, but when there are a large number of candidate…
Oral Improving the reliability of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for assessing the validity of clinical trials
2016 Seoul
Wu, Chung, Yang, Mao, Tang
Background: The Cochrane 'Risk of bias tool (CRoB) is one of the most widely used tools for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) of clinical trials. However, there are no clear, detailed guidelines for its application and its poor inter-rater reliability (IRR) has been a wide concern.…
Oral Individual and institutional financial conflicts of interest reported by authors of randomized controlled trials: a systematic survey
2016 Seoul
Hakoum, Noureldine, Jouni, Abou-Jaoude, Lopes, Guyatt, Akl
Background: Systematic reviewers are expected to collect the financial conflicts of interest (COI) disclosures of authors of included studies. These disclosures usually lack important details that would allow the judgment of their significance.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to survey…
Oral Integrating Cochrane abstract translation practice into teaching: an exploration in medical translation course
2016 Seoul
Li, Li, Liang, Fei, Zhang, Liu
Background: The Cochrane abstract translation project is seeking for volunteers for the wider dissemination of best evidence into other languages; this is an opportunity to practice medical translation, as well as an efficient way to learn systematic review (SR) methodology. In Beijing University…
Oral Integrating randomised and non-randomised studies in systematic reviews and its implications for GRADE: rationale, perceptions, and proposed methods
2016 Seoul
Cuello, Morgan, Schünemann
Background: Randomised studies (RS) are considered the ideal individual source of research evidence. Non-randomised studies of interventions (NRS) are critical to many areas of evaluation, yet they are commonly disregarded or separated from RS, and considered less certain due to confounding and…