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Displaying 1 - 20 of 151 Index
Oral 'Portuguese Pills' by WhatsApp: a typically Brazilian experience
2016 Seoul
Logullo, Riera, Torloni, Logullo, Martimbianco, Logullo, Freitas, Mazzucca, Batista, Cruz, de Albuquerque, Pedrosa, da Silva, Parra, Tavares, Atallah
Background: The Brazilian Cochrane Centre (BCC) reviews systematic review abstracts translated into Portuguese by volunteers. During the last year, we have identified the main mistakes and difficulties our translators had with their own language. WhatsApp has become increasingly popular in Brazil,…
Oral A general framework for exploring the impact of suboptimal treatment choices to health outcomes in a real-world population
2016 Seoul
Efthimiou, Leucht, Samara, Belger, Salanti
Background: Network meta-analyses are increasingly used to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and provide useful information about relative treatment benefits and harms. However, clinicians often make treatment decisions that disregard the evidence, and potentially…
Oral A new large-scale meta-epidemiological study on bias in randomized trials using routinely collected 'Risk of bias' assessments by Cochrane authors: results from the ROBES study
2016 Seoul
Savovic, Turner, Mawdsley, Jones, Higgins, Sterne
Background: Empirical evidence suggests that certain aspects of trial design may lead to biased intervention effect estimates.
Objectives: To examine the influence of 'Risk of bias' judgements from Cochrane Reviews for sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding and…
Oral A novel modality for evidence mapping in systematic reviews: Plotting-E-Map (PLOEM)
2016 Seoul
Lee, Kim, Lee, Kim, Hwang
Background: The highlight of previous systematic reviews has been focusing on meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trials and non-randomized studies. In several clinical issues with a lack of meaningful sized comparative studies, although the issue is important, there are rare modalities to…
Oral Adjusting for bias in unblinded randomized controlled trials
2016 Seoul
Schmidt , Groenwold
Background: It may not always be possible to blind participants of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for treatment allocation. Knowledge of treatment allocation may lead to differences between treatment arms, and consequently observed differences in the outcome may not be attributable to the…
Oral An adaptable framework for analysing diversity, context and inequalities in systematic reviews
2016 Seoul
Oliver, Jull, Ang, Stansfield, Bangpan, D'Souza
Background: There is increasing interest in research evidence to inform policy about health (where evidence-based medicine originated) and international development, which cuts across all areas of public policy. The emphasis on health inequalities in the former, and diversity of context in the…
Oral An analysis of the transparency of narrative synthesis methods in systematic reviews of quantitative data
2016 Seoul
Thomson, Campbell, Katikirreddi, Sowden
Background: Narrative synthesis (NS) is commonly used in systematic reviews (SR), especially when there is a high level of complexity and heterogeneity. Yet developments to improve review methods have largely overlooked NS of quantitative data. Although NS guidance exists, it is rarely used and…
Oral An inventory of methods for overviews of systematic reviews of interventions: mapping the evidence for the methods
2016 Seoul
Lunny, Brennan, McDonald, McKenzie
Background: Evidence mapping is a systematic method for representing the evidence on a particular topic, with the resulting map facilitating identification of gaps in the literature. To date, there has been no evidence map of the methods used in overviews of systematic reviews, thus making it…
Oral Application of systematic review methodology to scope the development of a national nutrition policy
2016 Seoul
Baker, Baker, Morgan, Lee
Background: The improvement of population diets and reduction of obesity using a national nutrition policy requires evidence for the policy that is both relevant and trustworthy. This presentation describes methodology embedded within a scoping project.
Objective: We sought to inform the…
Oral Applying integrated knowledge translation framework for impactful systematic reviews: a case study about promoting rational drug use in Lebanon
2016 Seoul
Fadlallah, Akl, Bou Karroum, El-Jardali
Background: Many reform efforts in health systems fall short because of failure to use research evidence optimally to inform policy.
Objectives: Using an impact-oriented knowledge translation framework to link research to action, we describe the process of promoting rational drug use in Lebanon…
Oral Are Cochrane plain language summaries plain?
2016 Seoul
Flodgren
Background: Plain language is described as “Writing that is clear and to the point and that helps improve communication and takes less time to read and understand” (NIH 2016). It tells the reader what s/he needs to know in a structured form without using unnecessary words or expressions. The PLEACS…
Oral Are reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews from China lower than those from USA? A meta-epidemiological study
2016 Seoul
Tian, Zhang, Ge, Yang, Song
Background: Cochrane and evidence-based health programmes have successfully promoted the production of systematic reviews (SRs) globally. In particular, the number of published SRs from China has increased exponentially, and there are concerns about their methodological quality.
Objectives: To…
Oral Arm-based versus contrast-based methods for network meta-analyses: radical differences or misunderstood nuances?
2016 Seoul
Shrier, Schnitzer, Steele
Background: Network meta-analyses have traditionally estimated exposure effects by modeling contrasts (e.g. risk ratios or risk differences). Although some have recently argued that modeling arm-specific risks directly is also possible, this 'radical' suggestion has met considerable…
Oral Assessing the risk of bias associated with missing participant outcome data: applying decision thresholds for binary data
2016 Seoul
Johnston, Akl, Alonso-Coello, Mathioudakisf, Ebrahim, Briel, Mustafa, Sun, Walter, Heels-Ansdell, Neumann, Lytvyn, Guyatt
Background: Little guidance for addressing missing participant outcome data in meta-analyses and practice guidelines is available.
Objectives: To explore the use of decision thresholds to address risk of bias associated with missing binary outcome data.
Methods: We applied the GRADE approach to…
Oral Barriers to Cochrane Reviews of traditional medicine therapies: problems and potential solutions
2016 Seoul
Wieland, Brassington, Fitzgerald
Background: Traditional medicine (TM) therapies originating in East Asia are widely used across the world. The evidence for therapies such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and tai chi requires assessment in rigorous systematic reviews, and it is important to understand any obstacles to conducting…
Oral Behavior change in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) promotion programs: a review of reviews to identify evidence gaps
2016 Seoul
Van Remoortel, Govender, Lutje, Vandeveegaete, Young, De Buck
Background: There are various approaches to promote WASH interventions (e.g. hand washing, toilet use, water supply). A systematic review (SR) on the effectiveness of these approaches to promote WASH behavior change is relevant to guide policy makers to formulate effective WASH programs.…
Oral CReST (Cochrane Review Screening Tool): developing a search process to identify implementable evidence
2016 Seoul
Tan, Ho, Chew, Woon, Mohd Suan, Wee, Hon, Goh
Background: Cochrane methods recommend duplicate data extraction from primary studies to minimise bias. One of the features of Covidence, a new platform for the development of systematic reviews, is its ability to assist in this when extracting data from studies for inclusion in Cochrane Reviews. A…
Oral Categorizing conflicts of interest in healthcare research: a proposed framework
2016 Seoul
Akl, Hakoum, El-Jardali, Guyatt
Background: A conflict of interest arises from a relationship that could unduly affect an individual’s judgment. The healthcare research community is becoming increasingly concerned with non-financial conflicts of interest, such as intellectual, professional, and institutional conflicts.…
Oral Challenges of overviews of reviews and how to overcome them, informed by a public health overview
2016 Seoul
Shepherd, Middleton, Crowther
Background: Overviews of reviews are a relatively new and innovative method of research synthesis, which can provide a ‘friendly front end’ to the evidence; thus readers do not have to ‘wade through’ or assimilate evidence from separate reviews on different interventions, such as for public health…
Oral Cochrane Clinical Answers: making the evidence matter
2016 Seoul
Pettersen
Background: Healthcare professionals need point-of-care access to reliable and high-quality synthesized information from up-to-date research. Cochrane Reviews provide a valuable source of information, but can take a long time to read and have a large volume of data, much of which may not be…