Search by Authors
Displaying 8821 - 8840 of 8895
Poster The effectiveness of public health nursing interventions: a systematic overview of community-based interventions
Dobbins, Thomas, Ciliska, Hayward, Underwood, Hayward
Introduction: Community-based interventions for health promotion and disease prevention are becoming the focus of much public health practice. Evaluations using randomized controlled trials are rarely feasible and often not appropriate.
Objective: To develop a method to systematically appraise and…
Poster Effectiveness of community development interventions in public health nursing: a systematic review
Ploeg, Dobbins, Hayward, Ciliska, Thomas, Underwood, Hayward
Introduction: Community development, a complex intervention following a health promotion model to improve multiple health outcomes, is becoming the focus of much public health practice. Evaluations using randomized controlled trials are neither feasible nor appropriate.
Objective: To develop a…
Poster Reviews of parent-child health interventions in public health nursing: a systematic overview
Hayward, Ciliska, Mitchell, Thomas, Underwood, Dobbins
Introduction: Decisions about programme planning and health policy must often rely on reviews of a broad range of interventions. In public health the impact of nursing interventions is under scrutiny.
Objective: To develop a method to systematically appraise and summarize review articles, and to…
Poster Organization of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Cochrane Collaboration group in data abstraction form (DAF)
Furst, van
Introduction/Objective: To develop the RACCC in the context of the publication of well over 100 new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) each year.
Methods/Results: To start, the therapy of RA was divided into six groupings: biologies, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, non-steroidal anti-…
Poster A meta-analysis of treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitonin
Cranny, Tugwell, Shea, Wells, Moher, Henry, Adachi
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, which leads to an increased risk of fracture. It is the most frequent metabolic disorder in Canada and has significant effects on quality of life. Exogenous calcitonin has been shown to be effective in arresting postmenopausal…
Poster Control prevalence trend bias: why observations from randomized trials, that clinical treatments have greater efficacy in high risk populations, may be biased
Bracken, Sinclair, Zhana, Holford
It is increasingly common to see analyses of treatment efficacy from randomized trials as a function of the prevalence of the event rate in the control group. These analyses are of control prevalence strata within a single trial or across a set of trials within the context of a meta-analysis. We…
Poster Identification of true RCTs of the effects of educational interventions on asthma-related outcomes in Medline and Embase using abstracts versus full text
Wolf, Grum, Lefebvre, Bara, Milan, Jones
Introduction: Electronic searches of bibliographic databases in search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may be thought to yield paradoxical results. On the one hand, it is increasingly known that electronic databases miss a significant number of true RCTs that can be identified by hand…
Poster Comparison of Medline and Embase retrieval of RCTs of the effects of educational interventions on asthma-related outcomes
Wolf, Grum, Bara, Milan, Jones
Introduction: Medline (Index Medicus) includes approximately 3700 journals, mostly but not entirely in the English language. Embase (Excerpta Medica) includes approximately 3500 journals, including many non-English language journals. Thus it is logical to hypothesize that the comprehensiveness of…
Poster Methodological quality of randomized clinical trials on treatment efficacy in low back pain
Koes, Bouter, van
Introduction: During the last decades the number of published randomized clinical trials in lower back pain has accumulated. For some interventions considerable numbers of trials are available. Trials have been shown to vary substantially regarding their quality.
Objective: To assess the…
Poster The efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low back pain and sciatica: a systematic review
Koes, Scholten, Mens, Bouter
Introduction: Epidural steroid injections are frequently used for the treatment of low back pain and sciatica. The use of steroid injections, however, is under debate.
Objective: To assess the efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low back pain and sciatica, and to investigate whether the…
Poster Pooling cost data from systematic reviews of economic studies
Sassi, Jefferson, Demicheli
Introduction: The health economics literature grew steadily during the last decades, making a significant number of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness studies available to clinicians and policy makers. Many decisions could now be taken on the basis of evidence on the efficiency, as well as…
Poster Structured clinical trial summaries
Strong, Boissel, Maupas, Cucherat, Gueyffier, Haugh
Introduction: Reviewers of clinical trial reports develop implicit ad hoc summaries of the characteristics of the reported clinical trial. The "Validata" project demonstrated serious inter-reviewer variability between such summaries. We are developing an explicit and generic…
Poster A network for working nationally within the Cochrane Collaboration: the "Groupe Synthese" network
Gueyffier, Boissel
Introduction: In 1988 at the Lyon University Hospital, a group of university staff got together to form the first "Groupe Synthese". The aim of this group was to promote the understanding of methods for synthesising therapeutic information (systematic reviews), and provide help to those…
Poster Advantages of the meta-analysis of individual patient data: an example from superficial bladder cancer.
Bijnens, Sylvester, Ivanov, Hoctin, Pawinski
Introduction: Advantages of the meta-analysis of individual patient data are the possibility to: verify the randomization and the comparability of follow-up in different treatment groups, carry out time to event analyses and subgroup analyses, and use new updated information. Analysis by intention…
Poster Estrogens and osteoporosis: quality of observational studies
O'Connell, Robertson, Henry, Gillespie
Introduction: The literature on the use of estrogens in the prevention of osteoporosis lacks RCTs reporting fracture as the main clinical outcome.
Objective: To examine the quality of the observational studies that represent the main source of evidence on the effect of estrogen treatment on hip…
Poster Estrogens and osteoporosis: investigators concerned with technology rather than clinical science
O'Connell, Robertson, Henry, Gillespie
Introduction: The literature on the use of estrogens in the prevention of osteoporosis lacks RCTs reporting fracture as the main clinical outcome.
Objectives: To examine the quality of RCTs of the effects of estrogen treatment on measures of bone density.
Methods: Searching of Medline and…
Poster Vitamin D analogues in the prevention of axial and appendicular fractures: report of a meta-analysis
Gillespie, Henry, O'Connell, Robertson, Lau
Introduction: Amongst the agents proposed to improve bone strength, Vitamin D and its analogues have been the interventions most commonly examined for fracture outcomes.
Results: 19 RCTs have recorded vertebral, hip or other axial fracture outcomes. These trials fall into two main categories -…
Poster Quality assessments of randomized controlled trials: an evaluation by the Chalmers versus the Jadad method
Ohlsson, Lacy
Introduction: More than 25 scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been published (Moher D. et al. Control Clin Trials 1995;l6:62), but only one has been validated (range of score: 1 - 5) (Jadad A.R., D Phil Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994). One commonly used…
Poster The scope of empirical research in bioethics
Sugarman, Faden
Introduction: Empirical research on problems in bioethics can shape philosophical discourse, media coverage, public perception, clinical practice, and public policy. Critical appraisal and meta-analyses are techniques that have been widely applied to evaluate evidence in the clinical arena, but…
Poster A comparison of long and short quality scores of published trials
Fardy, Macintosh
Various approaches have been used for the formal assessment of the methodological quality of trial reports. The 100-point protocol developed by Chalmers et al. is most widely known but time consuming to apply. A simpler 9-point protocol has also been used by the same group. The purpose of this…