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Displaying 1 - 20 of 206 Index
Oral 20 ways to move Cochrane evidence into practice: a celebration of 20 years of disseminating Cochrane’s research to the world—and how you can use what we’ve done!
2013 Québec City
Thomson, Mahan, Pearson, Wieland
Background: Cochrane Fields are the Collaboration’s KT experts, employing a range of strategies to get Cochrane evidence used in practice and policy decisions. We customise our strategies based on the patient population (e.g. children), type of health care professional (e.g. nurses) and/or the type…
Oral A Bayesian approach facilitates interpretation of results in meta-analysis: the example of periodontal disease
2013 Québec City
Brignardello-Petersen, Carrasco-Labra, Pintor, Ulloa, Tomlinson
Background: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis about the treatment for periodontal disease have demonstrated statistically significant benefits of antibiotics as adjuvant therapy. However, the magnitude of the treatment effect has a clinical significance that is questionable. In this context, the…
Oral A cloud computing database for data extraction in a Cochrane Review
2013 Québec City
Stordal, Kapros, Busschots, Lawlor, Doherty, Smith, Hennessy, O’Mathúna
Background: An online database was needed for the Cochrane Review ‘Taxanes for the treatment of platinum pre-treated epithelial ovarian cancer’ for several reasons. Firstly, a large amount of clinical parameters were to be extracted from 68 identified studies and the data was to be subdivided into…
Oral A cloud computing database for data extraction in a Cochrane Review
2013 Québec City
Stordal, Kapros, Busschots, Lawlor, Doherty, Smith, Hennessy, O’Mathúna
Background: An online database was needed for the Cochrane Review ‘Taxanes for the treatment of platinum pre-treated epithelial ovarian cancer’ for several reasons. Firstly, a large amount of clinical parameters were to be extracted from 68 identified studies and the data was to be subdivided into…
Oral A discussion of the challenges in conducting a systematic review of adverse effects including randomized trials and non-randomized studies
2013 Québec City
Furlan, Irvin, Carnide, Munhall, Loke, Marin
Objectives: To discuss the challenges faced by reviewers conducting a systematic review of adverse effects of a pharmacological intervention, and the solutions to each of these challenges that our team used in conducting a review for the Cochrane Back Review.
Results: We will use the example of…
Oral A framework for individual participant data meta-analysis in the presence of missing data
2013 Québec City
Debray, Koffijberg, Jolani, Van Buuren, Moons
Background: Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MA) are an increasingly popular approach for developing multivariable risk prediction models. Recently, a framework was proposed to develop, implement and validate such models when baseline risks are heterogeneous across studies. Because…
Oral A framework to interpret external validition studies of prediction models
2013 Québec City
Debray, Koffijberg, Vergouwe, Nieboer, Moons, Steyerberg
Background: It is widely acknowledged that newly developed diagnostic or prognostic prediction models should be externally validated to assess their performance. It is recommended to test the model in ‘different but related’ subjects, but criteria for ‘different but related’ are lacking.…
Oral A selection model to explore whether publication bias is more likely in two-arm and placebo-controlled trials rather than in multi-arm and head-to-head studies
2013 Québec City
Mavridis, Welton, Sutton, Salanti
Background: Selection models are used to explore the potential impact of publication bias (PB) via sensitivity analysis by making assumptions for the probability of publication of trials conditional on their precision. Selection models have been previously extended for a star-shaped network where…
Oral A simple adaptation considerably improves the performance of the standard method for random effects meta-analysis
2013 Québec City
IntHout, Ioannidis, Borm
Background: The DerSimonian and Laird approach (DL) is widely used for random effects meta-analysis, but this often results in inappropriate type I error rates. The method described by Sidik and Jonkman (SJ) is known to perform better when trials of similar size are combined. However evidence in…
Oral A systematic review of the use of narrative storytelling and visual arts-based approaches as knowledge translation tools in healthcare
2013 Québec City
Scott, Brett-MacLean, Archibald, Albrecht, Flynn, Hartling
Background: The arts are powerful, accessible forms of communication that have the potential to impart knowledge by attracting interest and developing meaningful connections. Knowledge translation aims to reduce the ‘evidence-practice’ gap by developing, implementing and evaluating strategies…
Oral Addressing missing participant data for continuous outcomes assessed with different instruments: a guide for systematic review authors
2013 Québec City
Ebrahim, Johnston, Akl, Mustafa, Sun, Walter, Heels-Ansdell, Alonso-Coello, Guyatt
Background: We previously developed an approach to address the impact of missing participant data for continuous outcomes in meta-analyses of trials that used the same measurement instrument.
Objectives: To extend our approach to meta-analyses including trials that use different instruments to…
Oral An analysis of theory building in realist synthesis: perspectives from the literature
2013 Québec City
Hunt, Hardwick
This presentation will be made jointly by Rebecca Hardwick and Harriet Hunt from the University of Exeter Medical School, UK.
Background: Realist reviews offer an approach to evidence synthesis which moves beyond describing whether something works, to explaining who it works for, in what…
Oral An empirical comparison of univariate and multivariate meta-analysis for categorical outcomes
2013 Québec City
Trikalinos, Hoaglin, Schmid
Background: Treatment effects for multiple outcomes can be meta-analyzed separately or jointly, but no systematic empirical comparison of the two approaches exists.
Objectives: To compare separate (univariate) and joint (multivariate) meta-analysis of categorical outcomes that have known within…
Oral An environmental scan for training programs in medical writing and publishing and a systematic review of their effectiveness
2013 Québec City
Galipeau, Moher, Cameron, Campbell, Hébert, Hendry, Palepu, Skidmore
Background: Approximately $100 billion is lost to ‘waste’ in biomedical research globally, annually, mainly due to the poor quality of published research. In response, there has been an upsurge in interest regarding the scientific process of writing, editing, peer reviewing, and publishing (i.e.,…
Oral An equity focused approach for systematic reviews: using community dialogue to interpret the implications of findings for safety and security of immigrant children and youth
2013 Québec City
Pottie, Dahal, Georgiades, Rader, Hassan
Background: When languages and cultures clash there may be implications for safety and security of immigrant children and youth.
Objectives: This systematic review synthesizes literature examining the impact of cultural discordance on bullying and violence (physical and sexual) of immigrant…
Oral An overview of reports evaluating the quality or reporting of systematic reviews
2013 Québec City
Turner, Pussegoda, Boutron, Garritty, Bjerre, Altman, Hrobjartsson, Moher
Background: Similar to primary studies, the assessment of quality or reporting of systematic reviews (SRs) is of importance. A means of reviewing the way in which quality or reporting of SRs is assessed is to conduct an overview of reports evaluating the quality of SRs.
Objectives: The…
Oral An ‘all-in-one’ meta-analysis model: joint synthesis of multiple outcomes to compare multiple interventions
2013 Québec City
Efthimiou, Dimitris, Andrea, Georgia
Background: The joint meta-analysis of two or more correlated outcomes, known as multivariate meta-analysis, is expected to improve precision compared to a series of independent meta-analyses and can, under circumstances, address selective outcome reporting bias. To date multivariate meta-analysis…
Oral Applicability and usability of rapid systematic reviews for rapid guidance development in health care and policy settings
2013 Québec City
Koster, Garritty, Gallagher, Schünemann, Norris
Background: Conducting systematic evidence reviews on a set of focused clinical questions has become one of the ‘gold standards’ for development of ‘trustworthy’ clinical guidance. Time, resource constraints, urgent public health needs and other issues, however, may require the application of more…
Oral Are men difficult to find? Identifying sex-specific studies in MEDLINE and Embase
2013 Québec City
Stewart, Fraser, Robertson, Archibald, Alison, Project Group
Background: Systematic reviews often investigate the effectiveness of interventions for one sex but identifying reports of interventions with data presented according to the sex of study participants can be challenging due to suboptimal indexing in bibliographic databases and poor reporting in…
Oral Assessing baseline imbalance in randomised trials: implications for the Cochrane risk of bias tool
2013 Québec City
Corbett, Higgins, Woolacott
Background: The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool for critically evaluating randomised trials currently addresses selection bias through scrutiny of randomisation methods (sequence generation and allocation concealment). Assessment of baseline imbalances in demographic and clinical…