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Displaying 1 - 20 of 85 Index
Oral A new approach to update Cochrane Reviews focusing on the 'Summary of findings' (SoFs)
2014 Hyderabad
Soares-Weiser, Bergman, Maayan, Marshall
Background:
The Enhance Reviews (ER) team has been involved in updating reviews for Cochrane Groups over the past 5 years. Some of the challenges are: (a) changes in methods; (b) the need to cross-check data extraction and risk of bias for studies previously included in a review; (c) the lengthy…
Oral A new tool to assess risk of bias in non-randomized studies
2014 Hyderabad
Savović, Higgins, Reeves, Turner, Sterne, Development group for the Cochrane risk of bias tool for non-randomized studies
Background: Cochrane intervention reviews rely primarily on evidence from randomized trials (RCTs), but this is not always available. Some clinical questions, such as those about rare, long term or unexpected harms, are often addressed incompletely by RCTs. There is currently no widely accepted…
Oral A systematic review on the impact of studies that are not fully published on results of meta-analyses
2014 Hyderabad
Schmucker, Schell, Blümle, Briel, Schwarzer, Basler, Von Elm, Meerpohl
Introduction:
As part of a systematic review a meta-analysis aims to provide an unbiased summary of data from the literature. However, potentially important studies could be missing because of selective publication and inadequate dissemination of results. If results of missing studies differ…
Oral An approach to evaluate the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis
2014 Hyderabad
Salanti, Del Giovane, Chaimani, Caldwell, Higgins
Background:
Systematic reviews (SRs) that collate data about the relative effects of multiple interventions via network meta-analysis (NMA) are highly informative for decision-making purposes. A NMA provides two types of findings for a specific outcome: the relative treatment effect for all…
Oral An empirical investigation of the potential impact of selective inclusion of results in systematic reviews of interventions
2014 Hyderabad
Page, McKenzie, Chau, Green, Forbes
Background:
For a particular meta-analysis, there may be multiple effect estimates available to select from a trial report, resulting, for example, from multiple scales, time points, or analyses. Multiplicity can potentially lead to data driven decisions regarding which data to include in a meta-…
Oral Anywhere Cochrane Reviews: responsive web design, the 'connected article' and Cochrane evidence
2014 Hyderabad
Toler, Joyce, Pentesco-Gilbert
Background:
Responsive Web Design (RWD) is one of the prime concepts behind mobile internet access. What this provides to the user or reader is content that is enabled to be responsive to its device, optimizing their use of the information particularly to improve their mobile internet experience…
Oral Assessing how much confidence to place in findings from qualitative evidence syntheses: a new version of the CERQual tool
2014 Hyderabad
Munthe-Kaas, Glenton, Lewin, Carlsen, Colvin, Noyes, Rashidian, Booth, Garside, -
Background:
Qualitative evidence syntheses are increasingly used to bring together findings from qualitative studies. However, it is difficult to use these findings to inform decisions because the methods to assess how much confidence to place in these synthesis findings are poorly developed…
Oral Automatic information retrieval: citation tracking, deduplication and full-text fetching
2014 Hyderabad
Tsafnat, Choong
Background:
In evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews are important devices for medical practitioners in making clinical decisions. A systematic review is a summary of evidence on a clearly formulated question based mostly on randomized controlled trials. Development of a systematic review…
Oral Can Qualitative Comparative Analysis help us to identify important components of complex interventions?
2014 Hyderabad
Thomas, O'Mara-Eves, Brunton
Background:
Systematic reviews addressing policy and practice questions concerning complex interventions frequently need to both assess the efficacy of a given intervention and to identify which intervention and its components might be relevant in particular circumstances. Here, intervention…
Oral Changing patterns of clinical trial activity in Australia: 2005-2013
2014 Hyderabad
Smith, Ko, Hunter, Askie
Background: In the past decade there has been a worldwide initiative to make all clinical trials public. With the establishment of clinical trials registries, such as the US based ClinicalTrials.gov in 2000 and the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) in 2005, researchers and…
Oral Characteristics of realist synthesis reviews: a systematic mapping review of realist reviews
2014 Hyderabad
Berg, Nanavati
Background:
Realist synthesis reviews are a new type of literature review that aims to provide an explanatory analysis of how and why complex social interventions work, or don’t work, in particular contexts or settings. A realist review is explicitly concerned with the context-mechanisms-outcomes…
Oral Citation screening in systematic reviews: two approaches, two authors and time taken (SWAR-1 (Study Within A Review 1))
2014 Hyderabad
Devane, Clarke, McCarthy, Casey
Background:
Conducting a high quality systematic review can be time consuming and costly, with conservative estimates of more than 1000 person-hours for an average review. One important, but time consuming, step is the selection of studies for inclusion in the review. This is done by firstly…
Oral Cochrane Reviews: the linchpins of knowledge translation and impact
2014 Hyderabad
Middleton, Green, Crowther
Background:
As systematic reviews represent the synthesis of a body of evidence, it stands to reason that they should often be the basic unit of knowledge translation.
Objectives:
To measure the use of Cochrane Reviews (CRs) in several different knowledge transfer systems including clinical…
Oral Completeness of outcomes description reported in low-back pain rehabilitation interventions: a survey of trials included in Cochrane Reviews
2014 Hyderabad
Gianola, Frigerio, Agostini, Bolotta, Castellini, Corbetta, Gasparini, Gozzer, Guariento, Li, Pecoraro, Sirtori, Turolla, Moja
Background:
Selection of appropriate outcome measures is crucial in clinical trials in order to minimize bias and allow for precise comparisons of effects between interventions.
Objectives:
We aimed to assess the frequency and completeness of outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (…
Oral Conducting overviews of reviews: lessons learned since 2006
2014 Hyderabad
Foisy, Thomson, Dryden, Fernandes, Hartling
Background: Overviews of reviews, previously called "umbrella reviews", are now indexed in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Overviews compile information from multiple systematic reviews (SRs) to provide a single synthesis of relevant evidence for decision-making. The Child…
Oral Data sharing: is it getting easier to access individual participant data? Experiences from the Cochrane Epilepsy Group
2014 Hyderabad
Nolan, Marson, Tudur Smith
Background:
Inadequate and un-standardized reporting of time-to-event (censored) outcomes and statistical analyses in individual randomized controlled trials is well documented. Therefore, meta-analyses of such outcomes frequently require the re-analysis of individual participant data (IPD), an…
Oral Do Cochrane Reviews measure enough of what patients want? A collaborative study of Cochrane Reviews on HIV/AIDS
2014 Hyderabad
Saldanha, Dickersin, Ugarte-Gil, Li, Rutherford, Volmink
Background:
To minimize bias during systematic reviews (SRs), outcomes should be completely pre-specified in the protocol, including: domain (title), specific measurement (instrument), specific metric (e.g. change from baseline), method of aggregation (e.g. mean), and time-points. Also, SRs must…
Oral Do Cochrane summaries help student midwives understand the findings of Cochrane reviews: the BRIEF randomised trial
2014 Hyderabad
Alderdice, Lasserson, McNeill, Beller, Carroll, Hundley, Sunderland, Devane, Noyes, Keyes, Norris, Wyn-Davies, Clarke
Background:
Abstracts and plain language summaries (PLS) are often the first, and sometimes the only, point of contact for systematic reviews. It is important to identify how they are used and to know the impact of different elements, including the authors’ conclusions.
Objectives:
To assess…
Oral Do we have Cochrane Reviews for the more relevant questions? Are they the best choice? Analysis of clinical questions in internal medicine
2014 Hyderabad
Rada, Peña, Turrillas, Espinosa, Monsalve, Aizman
Background:
Relying on Cochrane Reviews (CR) is recognized as an efficient way of making evidence-based health decisions.
Objectives:
To explore how often CRs are available for clinical questions; if they outperform other systematic reviews (SRs); and if they include all the relevant…
Oral Editorial policies and trial registration status for published trials in Indian medical journals
2014 Hyderabad
Bhaumik, Kirubakaran, Matthew, Tharyan
Introduction:
Clinical trial registration enhances transparency, identifies reporting biases and increases public accessibility of trial results. Trial registration has been mandatory since 2009 for trials seeking licensing of drugs in India. Editors of 11 Indian medical journals jointly…