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Oral 'Listen to my heart': qualitative researchers and people living with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) collaborate to provide guidance for future RHD research
2018 Edinburgh
Zuhlke
Objectives:
A group of qualitative researchers and people living with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) from six countries convened in Cape Town late in 2016 to provide direction for sociological research on RHD to improve care.
Methods:
People living with RHD shared accounts of the realities of…
Oral A case study of involving members of a parent advisory group in developing the search strategy for a systematic review
2018 Edinburgh
Bethel, Hunt, Boddy, Abbott, Rogers, Thompson-Coon
Background:
It is considered good practice to include the public in systematic reviews as team members or as part of an expert advisory group. We know little, however, about how to conduct involvement in search strategy development or what impact this may have. Our systematic review of parent-to-…
Oral A comparison of two assessment tools used in overviews of systematic reviews: ROBIS versus AMSTAR
2018 Edinburgh
Perry, Leach, Davies, Penfold, Ness
Background:
AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) is an 11-item tool that has been used frequently to check the quality of a systematic review and determine whether the most important elements are reported. The recently developed ROBIS (Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews) tool…
Oral A forward search algorithm for detection of extreme study effects in network meta-analysis
2018 Edinburgh
Petropoulou, Salanti, Rücker, Schwarzer, Moustaki, Mavridis
Background: In a quantitative synthesis of studies via meta-analysis, it is likely that some studies provide a markedly different intervention effect or have a large impact on effect estimates and/or heterogeneity. There are several methods to identify outlying studies in a meta-analysis. Most of…
Oral A framework for meta-analysis of prediction model studies with binary and time-to-event outcomes
2018 Edinburgh
Debray, Damen, Riley, Snell, Reitsma, Hooft, Collins, Moons
Background: It is widely recommended that any developed prediction model - diagnostic or prognostic - is validated externally in terms of its predictive performance measured by calibration and discrimination. When multiple validations have been performed, a systematic review followed by a formal…
Oral A new resource in the enhanced Cochrane Library: Cochrane Clinical Answers
2018 Edinburgh
Tort, Burch, Pettersen
Background:
Cochrane Clinical Answers (CCAs) are an important tool for making the results from Cochrane Reviews accessible and usable at the point of care. They are evidence-based answers to the clinical questions addressed by Cochrane Reviews, covering a wide range of topics, and aimed primarily…
Oral A patient and public involvement panel to explore complex evidence synthesis: a case study on hazardous and harmful alcohol drinking
2018 Edinburgh
Beyer, Angus, Brown, Caldwell, Craig, Edmondson-Jones, Harvey, Henn, Hickman, Lavoie, Michie, Neal, Rice, Kaner
Background:
Patient and public involvement (PPI) is common in primary research, but less widespread in systematic reviews (SRs). We invited consumer partners to contribute to a SR and network meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for hazardous and…
Oral A patient perspective of using evidence for shared decision-making in a medical consultation
2018 Edinburgh
Brown
Background:
I am a survivor of childhood leukaemia. I had a bone marrow transplant and have experienced multiple complications as result of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. Recently I have had three episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax (collapsed lung) in 14 months. Healthcare…
Oral A randomised trial of integrated machine-learning for systematic review 'Risk of bias' assessments
2018 Edinburgh
Arno, Wallace, McKenzie, Marshall, Thomas, Elliott
Background:
Assessment of study risk of bias (RoB) is a key step in a systematic review but is very time-consuming. RobotReviewer is an open-access platform which partially automates RoB assessment using machine-learning (ML) and natural language processing. Covidence is a cloud-based systematic…
Oral A statistical methodology to integrate the findings from studies of complex public health interventions
2018 Edinburgh
Shankar, Guddattu, Nair
Background:
Public health interventions are often addressed as 'complex interventions'. Application of routine meta-analysis techniques to synthesise the results public health intervention studies provides a pooled estimate, which is diluted by the effect of complexity.
Objective:
To…
Oral A systematic and transparent process to support informed decisions for diagnostic tests in laboratory settings
2018 Edinburgh
Pecoraro
Background:
Decision-makers sometimes neglect important criteria regarding the adoption of diagnostic tests that could benefit patients. A transparent and explicit approach based on evidence criteria is an efficient tool to guide decision-making processes.
Objectives:
We applied a…
Oral Academic detailing: a knowledge translation strategy to implement HIV Clinical Management Guideline
2018 Edinburgh
Bones, Cazella, Stein
Background: The 90-90-90 treatment targets intend to resolve the HIV epidemic by 2030 through treatment to suppress the viral charge. HIV infection has been regarded as a chronic disease, and there is a need to recommend antiretroviral therapy as soon as possible, regardless of the CD4 count (a…
Oral Addressing financial conflicts of interest: evaluating workshops with consumers
2018 Edinburgh
Moynihan, Hurley, Fox, McDonald, Lisa
Background: There is growing evidence, including from Cochrane Reviews, that financial conflicts of interest are a major healthcare challenge. Evidence shows industry-sponsored trials are more likely to find favourable results for sponsors’ products, doctors attending industry-funded events are…
Oral Addressing reporting bias in systematic reviews
2018 Edinburgh
Jørgensen, Gøtzsche, Jefferson
Background:
Unabridged access to drug industry and regulatory trial registers and data reduces reporting bias in systematic reviews and may provide a complete index of a drug's clinical study programme.
Objective:
To index the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine study programmes as a basis…
Oral Adopting an integrated knowledge approach to promote impactful systematic reviews and enhance evidence-informed health policymaking: reflections and lessons learned from a middle-income country
2018 Edinburgh
El-Jardali, Fadlallah, Bou Karroum, Akl
Background: Evidence-informed health policymaking is an approach to policy decisions that is intended to ensure that decision making is informed by the best available evidence. Producing policy-relevant systematic reviews requires alignment of review production with policy priorities and engagement…
Oral Advancing the methods of conducting a systematic review alongside a realist review: an example investigating 'what' interventions are effective and 'why' for improving outcomes for seniors with multi-morbidity
2018 Edinburgh
Kastner
Objectives: Systematic reviews tell us 'what' interventions can work, but to be useful for clinicians and policy makers, we need to know 'why/how' they work (via realist reviews). Few systematic reviews conducted alongside realist reviews exist. To address the unmet needs of…
Oral An empirically defined decision tree to predict systematic reviews at risk of change in conclusion
2018 Edinburgh
Bashir, Surian, Dunn
Background:
Systematic reviews are resource-intensive so it is important to focus on reviewing interventions for which new evidence might warrant a change in practice.
Objectives:
To determine whether basic information about new relevant trials can be used to estimate the risk of a change in…
Oral An evolving partnership between policy-makers and researchers in prioritisation, production and dissemination of systematic reviews: lessons learned from Norway
2018 Edinburgh
Berg, Hernes
Background:
Care and policy development should be informed by trustworthy research, but ensuring the use of systematic reviews in development can be problematic. This is often because researchers and policy-makers are inadequately connected. Collaboration has been proposed as a key strategy to…
Oral An interactive web application to aid diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
2018 Edinburgh
Freeman, Kerby, Cooper, Sutton
Background:
A meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies synthesises multiple studies to evaluate the performance of a diagnostic test. Often there is variation between studies surrounding the threshold value used to determine whether a patient is healthy or diseased. DTA meta-…
Oral An online implementation of the ROBINS-I (risk of bias in non-randomized studies – of interventions) tool
2018 Edinburgh
McGuinness, Hutton, Sterne, Reeves, Savovic, Higgins
Background: Non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) can provide useful data on the effects of healthcare interventions but are likely to be subject to confounding and other biases, some of which do not apply to trials. The ROBINS-I (risk of bias in non-randomized studies – of interventions)…