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Displaying 21 - 40 of 46 Index
Poster Evolving methodological guidelines for systematic reviews of randomized control trials in health care
1994 Hamilton
Cook, Sackett, Spitzer
Discussion: Methodologic guides for the conduct of systematic reviews are continuing to evolve. One recent contribution took place at the Postdam Consultation on Meta-analysis in March 1994. Beginning with prior guidelines and submissions from conference participants, we developed the next…
Oral Failure to conceal treatment allocation schedules in controlled trials influences estimates of treatment effects
1994 Hamilton
Schulz, Chalmers, Hayes, Altman
Introduction: Most reports of randomized controlled trials contain inadequate methodological descriptions.
Objective: To explore the association between inadequate methodological descriptions and estimates of treatment effects.
Methods: We analyzed 250 trials from 33 meta-analyses encompassing 62…
Poster Generalising the results of clinical trials
1994 Hamilton
Glasziou, Irwig
To which groups of patients can we apply the results of clinical trials? Authors and readers often answer this question by reference to the trial entry criteria, that is, the sample frame from which subjects came. As an alternate and more rational answer to the question, we extend a model suggested…
Poster How can systematic reviews of randomised trials be used for assessment of cost-effectiveness of surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress?
1994 Hamilton
Mugford, Soll, Jefferson
Discussion: There is a growing recognition of the need both for economic evaluations to use the results of systematic reviews of effectiveness, and for trials to include measures required for economic evaluation. It is therefore important to think about how reviews of such trials may inform…
Oral How to access RCTs in Japan through network access from abroad
1994 Hamilton
Tsutani, Sakuma
Introduction: Japan has the highest life expectancy in the world and consumes 20% of the world's drugs. It therefore cannot be excluded in literature search of RCTs.
Objective: A comparative analysis was made of the content and accessibility of three Japanese databases and on American, i.e…
Oral Implementing the findings from systematic overviews: has information on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of SSRIs changed practice?
1994 Hamilton
Freemantle, Mason, Watt
Introduction/Objective: In 1993/4 all UK GPs received advice based on a systematic overview of all available evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of the new antidepressants, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS). This study examines the impact of that information on SSRI…
Poster Interventions to enhance patient adherence to medication prescriptions
1994 Hamilton
Kanani, McKibbon, Haynes
Introduction: Medications cannot be effective if they are not taken by patients. Many patients have difficulty following prescriptions.
Objective: To summarize the results of published studies of interventions to improve adherence with prescribed medications.
Methods: A systematic review of…
Oral Manipulating the evidence? - A critical review of review articles on the effectiveness of spinal manipulation
1994 Hamilton
Assendelft, Koes, Bouter
Introduction: The use of spinal manipulation is still under debate. The number of review articles on the effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for back pain (N > 50) by far exceeds the number of original RCTs (N = 30). The conclusions of the available review articles seem to vary…
Poster Methodological quality of randomized clinical trials on treatment efficacy in low back pain
1994 Hamilton
Koes, Bouter, van
Introduction: During the last decades the number of published randomized clinical trials in low-back pain has accumulated. For some interventions considerable numbers of trials are available. Trials have been shown to vary substantially regarding their quality.
Objective: To assess the…
Oral No magic bullets: a systematic overview of 102 trials of interventions to help health care professionals deliver services more effectively or efficiently
1994 Hamilton
Thomson, Oxman, Haynes, Davis, Oxman
Introduction: Patterns of practice often diverge from recommendations based on evidence. There appear to be a number of factors that influence the adoption of research findings into the actual practice of health care providers. A variety of interventions aimed at improving the performance of health…
Poster On the accuracy of history, physical examination and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in diagnosing low-back pain in general practice. A criteria-based review of the literature
1994 Hamilton
van, Koes, van, Bouter
Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of history taking, physical examination, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in low-back pain in general practice, for radiculopathy, vertebral cancer, and ankylosing spondylitis.
Methods: Review of the literature for studies presenting data on…
Oral Purchasers and cost-effectiveness of interventions: are secondary economic evaluations possible?
1994 Hamilton
Jefferson, Mugford, Gray, Demichell
Introduction: Purchasers of health services need up to date information on cost-effectiveness of interventions, in order to choose between and prioritise spending. Economic evaluation has not yet developed a formal methodology for reviewing and summing up evidence from primary economic research.…
Poster Qualitative meta-analyses: improvement of markers for validity and precision
1994 Hamilton
van, de, de, de, Koes
Introduction: In areas where clinical trials are heterogeneous with respect to population, interventions and outcome measures, qualitative or criteria based meta-analyses are an effective and informative way for aggregation of clinical trial results. A criteria list is used for the standardised…
Oral RTMAS: a computerized system for the "real-time" construction of meta-analyses using pre-extracted data from randomized control trial databases
1994 Hamilton
Lau, Cappelleri, Schmid, Chalmers
Introduction: Hundreds of meta-analyses (M-As) are published each year and thousands more await to be performed. In addition, updating of previously published M-As and subgroup analyses are seldom done. Methods need to be developed that will make the process more efficient and powerful.
Objective…
Oral Selecting the language of the publications included in a meta-analysis: is there a Tower of Babel bias?
1994 Hamilton
Gregoire, Derderian, LeLorier
Introduction: Although they usually claim a very thorough search to retrieve every pertinent work, most meta-analyses published in English restrict their search to papers which were also published in English.
Methods: We reviewed all the meta-analyses printed from January 1, 1991 to April 1, 1993…
Poster Systematic review of the effectiveness of injury control interventions in children
1994 Hamilton
Klassen, King, Dueck, Oxman
Introduction: Injuries are the leading cause of death in children and adolescents.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of injury interventions at reducing injuries and reasons for variability between studies.
Methods: Searching electronic databases, writing to authors, reviewing…
Poster The International Collaborative Group on Clinical Trial Registries: aims and achievements
1994 Hamilton
Boissel
The International Collaborative Group on Clinical Trial Registries (ICG-CTRs) held its inaugural meeting in Brussels in 1991. The meeting was sponsored by the European Economic Community. The rationale behind the establishment of the ICG-CTRs was to provide a common interest group with a tool for…
Poster The administration of intravenous immunoglobulin for prophylaxis or treatment in preterm infants: meta-analyses
1994 Hamilton
Lacy, Ohlsson
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration to premature and/or treatment of bacterial infection.
Methods: Studies were identified through computer searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCISEARCH and Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials and extensive hand…
Poster The efficacy of aldose reductase inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis
1994 Hamilton
Nicolucci, Carinci, Cavaliere, Liberati
Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common and disabling longterm sequaelae of diabetes mellitus. Typical manifestations are represented by loss of sensation in the feet, development of ulcers, deformations, and finally, gangrene, often resulting in amputations. A likely…
Poster The efficacy of back schools: a review of randomized clinical trials
1994 Hamilton
Koes, van, van, Bouter
Introduction: Back schools were introduced in the seventies' as treatment modality for patients with back pain. Nowadays back schools (in different forms and intensity) are available and frequently used in many countries.
Objective: To assess the efficacy of back school programmes for low-…