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Displaying 161 - 180 of 185 records Index
Poster The effect of pharmaceutical industry sponsorship on randomized trials for long-acting beta-agonist / inhaled corticosteroid combination therapy for asthma: challenges for estimating comparative effectiveness and safety
2009 Singapore
Bond, Bow, O’Gorman, Spooner, Lemière, Tjosvold
Background: Pharmaceutical industry-sponsored research has been shown to be biased toward the reporting of positive results. Frequent involvement of industry in studies addressing the addition of long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy and the debates regarding the…
Poster The epidemiology and quality of systematic reviews of health professional behaviour change interventions
2009 Singapore
Weir, Mayhew, Worswick, Fergusson, Grimshaw
Background: The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) Group currently updates an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) assessing interventions targeting professional behaviours. A major component of this project is to search for and conduct quality assessments of existing…
Poster The impact of a promotional program for evidence-based practice on the National Health Research Institutes in Taiwan
2009 Singapore
Chiu, Weng, Lo, Shih
Background: In order to promote evidence-based practice (EBP), the National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) has provided free access to The Cochrane Library and has held a series of educational programs for health professionals in regional hospitals of Taiwan since 2007. Objectives: To…
Poster The number needed to read: are capture-recapture techniques feasible in searching literature for systematic reviews?
2009 Singapore
Motschall, Rücker, Antes, Schumacher
Background: Capture-recapture techniques were proposed for estimating the number of missing articles after a comprehensive literature search [Kastner et al. J Clin Epidemiol 2009]. Objectives: To investigate the practical and statistical feasibility of capture-recapture modelling of the number of…
Poster The production, preservation and dissemination of rescue evidence in the Wenchuan earthquake
2009 Singapore
Chen, Marshall, Ye, Du, Li
Background: Over 69,000 were killed, 375,000 injured and a further 18,000 were missing when the 5.12 Richter scale earthquake struck Wenchuan, Sichuan on 12 May 2008. The Chinese Cochrane Centre immediately focused on evidence collection related to the rescue work. Objective: To produce, preserve…
Oral The relation between heterogeneity in diagnostic accuracy, prevalence and patient characteristics: an illustration with individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA)
2009 Singapore
Opmeer, Reitsma, Broeze, Willem Mol
Background: Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy commonly report heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity across studies. Such heterogeneity can be partially explained by methodological heterogeneity (study characteristics, selection, verification and test interpretation) and clinical…
Poster Thumbs up, thumbs down: an analysis of online user ratings of summaries of systematic reviews
2009 Singapore
Bastian, Nasser, Waltering
Background: User ratings and reviews are an increasing and influential part of internet culture. Online ratings may come from users who are particularly internet adept and critical. User rating adds interactivity, providing user feedback and opportunities for ‘reader-to-reader’ communication.…
Poster Time to inclusion in systematic reviews: roadblock on the translational pathway
2009 Singapore
Trochim, Kane, Chiang, Whitaker, Lawrence, Dietrich, Christopher, Suda
Background: Translational research involves moving basic research to practice and ultimately health impacts. Increasingly a key pathway for translation goes through some form of systematic review process. The time for a research publication to be included in a systematic review may be one of the…
Oral To what extent do trials stopped early for benefit overestimate treatment effects?
2009 Singapore
Guyatt, Bassler, Montori, Briel, Lane, Zhou, Glasziou
Background: Modeling studies suggest that trials stopped early for benefit systematically overestimate treatment effects, and this overestimate may be very large. A systematic review of such trials provided confirmatory evidence of large overestimates of effect, and suggested that trials stopped…
Poster Training and education in critical appraisal leads to increase in usage and contribution to The Cochrane Library in India
2009 Singapore
Singh
Background: An annual collaborative course on evidence-based child health was conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh from 2006 to 2008. This course was a result of collaboration between the Indian Academy of Pediatrics and Royal College of…
Oral Translating the abstracts in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) into Chinese
2009 Singapore
Shen, Lo, (Betty) Chiu, (Cliff) Chen, N Kuo
Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) databases in Chinese play an important role in the promotion and application of EBM to the Chinese-speaking world (1.3 billion people). National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) in Taiwan has cooperated with the Cochrane Collaboration to launch a five-year…
Poster Treatment related harms: what was planned and what was reported? An analysis of Southwest Oncology Group phase III trials
2009 Singapore
Mhaskar, Kumar, Soares, Gardner, Djulbegovic
Background: Clinical research aiming to test treatments in humans should a priori specify outcomes related to both benefits and harms in protocol and final reports. However, how often assessment of harm is pre-specified in protocols and reported in final publication is not known. We performed this…
Oral Trial registration can be a useful source of information for quality assessment: a study of trials records retrieved from the WHO search portal
2009 Singapore
Reveiz, Chan, Krleza-Jeric, Granados, Pinart, Etxeandia, Rada, Martinez, Felipe Cardona
Background: We evaluated empirically whether trial registries provide useful information to evaluate the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: We compared the report of methodological characteristics from a random sample of ongoing RCTs registered in six World Health Organization (…
Poster Use of Cochrane reviews in the Canadian common drug review reports
2009 Singapore
Shukla, Wells
Background: The Common Drug Review (CDR) program at the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) prepares clinical and pharmacoeconomic review reports on drug submissions. These reports are used by the Canadian Expert Drug Advisory Committee (CEDAC) in making listing…
Poster Use of the number needed to treat (NNT) in Cochrane reviews
2009 Singapore
Hildebrandt, Dormann, Bender
Background: The NNT is a well-known effect measure for reporting the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It represents the average number of patients who must be treated to prevent one adverse outcome within a certain duration of follow-up time. It was shown that NNTs are used in 62 of…
Poster Using systematic reviews and prescribing data to analyse off-label drugs use: the case of antiemetics for gastroenteritis in children
2009 Singapore
Lazzerini, Zanon, Paparazzo, Rovere, Messi
Background: Off-label use, the practice of prescribing pharmaceuticals outside a drug’s approved label, is very common in paediatrics. Health agencies, including the WHO, need to analyse this phenomenon in order to discuss appropriateness of use, and define common criteria for guidelines of off-…
Oral What modifications are made in studies reviewed by the United States Food and Drug Administration for medical device approval?
2009 Singapore
Bero, Dhruva, Redberg
Background: Little is known about the quality of studies evaluated by the United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for medical device approval. The most rigorous FDA review process, for novel and high-risk devices, is called Premarket Approval (PMA). Objectives: To assess studies examined…
Oral What place do consumers and an international network structure have within The Cochrane Collaboration? A formal review
2009 Singapore
Hanley, Wale, Belizan, Nadel
Background: Consumers have been actively involved in The Cochrane Collaboration since it was established in 1993, with the Cochrane Consumer Network (CCNet) established as a registered entity within the Collaboration in 1994. Objectives: To work toward clarifying the role and position of the…
Poster What we know we don’t know: identifying therapeutic uncertainties from systematic reviews
2009 Singapore
Sharp
Background: The UK Database of Uncertainties of Effects of Treatments (UKDUETs) has been established in the UK to publish uncertainties that cannot currently be answered by referring to reliable up-to-date systematic reviews of existing research evidence. UKDUETs draws on three main sources to…
Poster What will the second impact factor tell us about The Cochrane Library and its systematic reviews?
2009 Singapore
Urquhart, Sampson
Background: Citation analysis can provide an insight into the publishing habits of the research community. Information is available not only on publishing authors and research groups, but also on those who are citing particular pieces of work. The impact factor is an aggregate citation measure, and…