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Displaying 1 - 20 of 136 Index
Oral A case study of diminishing returns: updating a hypothesis-generating systematic review with 'negative' findings
2007 Sao Paulo
Paul Dellavalle, Mary Schilling, R. Freeman
Background: More than 5 years ago, publications of two randomized placebo-controlled trials respectively assessing lovastatin (a statin) and gemfibrozil (a fibrate) for cardiovascular disease prevention, reported significantly lower incidence of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, in…
Poster A modern analysis of an old meta-analysis "on certain enteric fever inoculation" : a tribute to Professor Karl Pearson's legacy
2007 Sao Paulo
José Martí Carvajal, Peña-Martí, Comunián-Carrasco
Background: In 1904, the British Medical Journal (BMJ) published "Report on certain enteric fever inoculation statistics" by Karl Pearson1. This paper contains what is often regarded as the first meta-analysis using health care data.
Objectives: To assess the effects of enteric fever…
Oral A preliminary analysis on systematic reviews produced in China
2007 Sao Paulo
Liu, Wei
Background: Meta-analysis was introduced into China in 1990 and the Cochrane Systematic Review was introduced into China in 1996. The Chinese Cochrane Centre was established in 1999. More and more systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been published by Chinese authors in recent years.…
Poster A search for studies on negative pressure wound therapy was complemented by the nursing database CINAHL in a systematic review
2007 Sao Paulo
Peinemann, Lange, Sauerland
Background: The number and type of electronic databases used for literature retrieval in decision-making procedures in health care is a subject under discussion. The German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, IQWiG…
Poster A staged approach to Review Group registration - a case study
2007 Sao Paulo
Doyle, Waters, Mayhew, Grimshaw
The Cochrane Health Promotion and Public Health (HPPH) Field aims to increase the quantity and quality of Cochrane reviews that address the effectiveness of a wide range of health promotion and public health interventions. Such review topics can be very complex, dealing with upstream and distant…
Oral An interactive tool for visualizing design heterogeneity in clinical trials
2007 Sao Paulo
Carini, Hernandez, Storey, Horvath, Kennedy, Rutherford, Sim
Background: Systematic reviewers need to compare the design and results from multiple clinical trials that are often highly heterogeneous. This is a cognitively demanding task that has traditionally required the manual extraction and manipulation of data from journal articles. Computer-based…
Oral An overview of systematic reviews on peripartum antiretroviral therapies for preventing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
2007 Sao Paulo
Wang, Li, Peng, Wen, Meng, Mao
Objectives: To assess the efficacy of different regimens of peripartum antiretroviral therapies (ART) for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and to identify risk factors for MTCT of HIV.
Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, AID Search, AIDS LINE, AIDSTRIALS, AIDSDRUGS, AIDS…
Oral Arriving at a bottom line for evidence quality: precision of the estimate
2007 Sao Paulo
Guyatt, Kunz, Oxman
Background: The Cochrane Collaboration is adopting the GRADE approach to rating the quality of evidence across studies for each important outcome. The approach includes the possibility of downgrading the quality of the evidence as a result of five considerations: study limitations (risk of bias);…
Oral Assessing equity, applicability and scaling up issues in Cochrane reviews: a worked example from a review of lay health worker interventions in primary and community health care
2007 Sao Paulo
Munabi-Babigumira, Lewin, Bosch-Capblanch, van Wyk, Glenton, Scheel, Aja, Zwarenstein, Daniels, David Oxman
Background: There is growing interest within the Cochrane Collaboration on how review authors can consider the effects of interventions on health inequalities. Also important to the users of reviews are, firstly, the extent to which interventions can be applied in other settings and whether similar…
Oral Building a clean and comprehensive study-based register of reports of diagnostic test accuracy studies
2007 Sao Paulo
L Mitchell, Glanville, MG Leeflang, Westwood, C Craig
Background: The Register of Reports of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (DTAS) is a new initiative for the Cochrane Collaboration. Its purpose is to assist the development of systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy through improving access to DTAS for authors of reviews, assisting with…
Poster Building bridges between systematic reviews and Brazilian decision-making: methods for disseminating evidence
2007 Sao Paulo
Pontes, Barbosa Camargo, Oliveira Laranjeira, Oliveira de Albuquerque, Tolentino Silva, Franco Veloso, Ceciliano de Souza Veloso, Tavares Silva Elias, Jacob Serruya
Background: This is a preliminary project for publishing a synthesis of the systematic reviews which were requested by the Ministry of Health from the Brazilian Cochrane Centre and Social Medicine Institute, between 2004 and 2005. These studies were funded by the Department of Science and…
Oral CADTH's Health Technology Inquiry Service: providing relevant and timely evidence for Canadian health care decision makers
2007 Sao Paulo
Boudreau, Dunfield
Background: The Health Technology Inquiry Service (HTIS) at the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) provides Canadian health care decision makers with health technology assessment (HTA) information in a timely manner. Some decisions need to be made quickly and comprehensive…
Oral CONSORT for Abstracts: Guidance to improve the quality of reporting of randomized trials in conference and journal abstracts
2007 Sao Paulo
Hopewell, Clarke
Background: Clear, transparent, and sufficiently detailed conference abstracts and abstracts of journal articles are important for reporting randomized trials. Readers often base their assessment of a trial solely on information in the abstract.
Objectives: To extend the CONSORT (Consolidated…
Oral Can trial sequential monitoring boundaries reduce spurious inferences from meta-analyses?
2007 Sao Paulo
Thorlund, Devereaux, Wetterslev, Guyatt, P.A. Ioannidis, Thabane, Als-Nielsen, Gluud, Gluud
Background: Results from apparently conclusive meta-analyses may be false. A limited number of events from a few small trials and the presence of random error may be under-recognised sources of spurious findings. Sample size requirement for a reliable and conclusive meta-analysis should be no less…
Poster Challenges and opportunities for utilizing systematic reviews in zoonotic public health
2007 Sao Paulo
Andra Waddell, Rajic, Sargeant, Wilkins, McEwen
Background: Zoonotic public health issues, such as avian influenza, bovine spongiform encephalopathy or antimicrobial resistance, are complex and research or literature reviews addressing these issues often result in contradictory findings and recommendations. There is increasing momentum to adopt…
Poster Challenges of developing a geographic search filter to identify randomized controlled trials in Africa: finding the optimal balance between sensitivity and precision
2007 Sao Paulo
Grobler, Busgeeth, Siegfried, Eisinga
Background: The need for more scientifically validated search strategies is increasing. To date, research on how best to identify trials within geographic regions is limited. In the absence of a single electronic database providing comprehensive coverage of African trials, identifying African-…
Oral Changing professional behaviour: an updated overview of systematic reviews
2007 Sao Paulo
Grimshaw, Mayhew, Stevens, Graham
Background: The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (EPOC) supports systematic reviews of professional, organizational, financial and regulatory interventions to improve healthcare delivery and care systems. It has conducted two previous overviews of systematic reviews of…
Poster Checking the methodological quality of clinical studies about voice and larynx published in two Brazilian and two international papers indexed by Medline
2007 Sao Paulo
Pedrosa Vieira, De Biase, Stella Peccin, Nagib Atallah
Background: Clinical practice brings to health professionals daily problems that need to be solved with promptness, at reduced costs and aiming to improve safety during prevention, diagnostic, and treatment of our patients. Clinicians tend to keep themselves up-to-date by selecting among the huge…
Poster Cochrane Editors as authors: how is the potential conflict of interest managed?
2007 Sao Paulo
G MacLehose, Garner
Background: Cochrane Editors often have a dual role of Editor and author. Because this may be viewed as a potential conflict of interest, Cochrane Review Groups (CRGs) may have policies in place to prevent the Editor being involved in the editorial process in this situation. The number of Cochrane…
Oral Cochrane Inside: Working with a national agency to create tools for decision makers
2007 Sao Paulo
Santesso, Stevens,, Mayhew, Ryan,Sophie Hill, Grimshaw
Background: The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care group (EPOC) and the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group (CC&CRG) both produce reviews unique to Cochrane. In contrast to reviews that focus on treatments for a specific disease, both groups produce reviews of…